User:Mr. Ibrahem/Pubic lice

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This page is about the disease. For the animal known as crab louse, see Crab louse.

Mr. Ibrahem/Pubic lice
Other namesPediculosis pubis, crabs, phthiriasis, phthiriasis pubis
Pubic lice in genital area
SpecialtyInfectious disease
SymptomsItch, grey-blue marks, visible lice and nits[1]
ComplicationsBacterial skin infection[2]
CausesPubic louse spread by sex or clothing[3]
Risk factorsCrowded situations[4]
Diagnostic methodSeeing the lice[5]
TreatmentPermethrin or pyrethrin lotion, combing to remove nits[4]
Frequency~2%[6]

Pubic lice, also known as crabs or pediculosis pubis, is an infestation by the pubic louse.[1][7] It most commonly occurs on pubic hair, though other large diameter hair such as armpit, beard, eyebrow, or eyelash may be involved.[4][8] The main symptom is itching in the groin area.[9] There may be grey-blue discolouration at the feeding site, blood stains, and crusts and eggs (nits) and live lice may be seen.[1][4] Complications may include a secondary bacterial infection as a result of scratching.[2]

The cause is the pubic louse, Pthirus pubis, a wingless insect which feeds on human blood and lays its eggs on hair or clothing.[3][4] It is usually spread during sex, but can be transmitted via bedding, clothing, or towels.[4] It is more common in crowded conditions.[4] Diagnosis is by finding the nits or live lice, either directly or with a magnifying glass.[10] When infested the typical number of lice present is about a dozen.[8] Testing for other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is recommended.[5]

First line treatment is with either permethrin or pyrethrin combined with piperonyl butoxide applied to the skin.[4] Two rounds of treatment at least a week apart is usually required to kill newly hatched lice.[8] Other treatments that may be used include the application of malathion or taking ivermectin by mouth.[1] Washing bedding and clothing in hot water kills the lice and further spread can be prevented by avoiding sexual contact until better.[11] Eggs may be removed by combing pubic hair with a comb dipped in vinegar.[7] Sexual partners should also be treated.[7]

Worldwide, the condition affects about 2% of the population.[6] Infestations with pubic lice are found in all parts of the world, occurs in all ethnic groups, and all levels of society.[7] Adults are more commonly affected than children.[2] Pubic lice have been described in ancient history with cases involving soldiers in the second century.[12][13]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d Salavastru, C. M.; Chosidow, O.; Janier, M.; Tiplica, G. S. (2017). "European guideline for the management of pediculosis pubis". Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. 31 (9): 1425–1428. doi:10.1111/jdv.14420. ISSN 1468-3083.
  2. ^ a b c "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) - Lice - Pubic: Epidemiology & Risk Factors". www.cdc.gov. 12 September 2019. Archived from the original on 7 December 2018. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  3. ^ a b "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) - Lice - Pubic: Biology". www.cdc.gov. 24 June 2019. Archived from the original on 6 April 2020. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h "Part II. Managing infectious diseases: Pediculosis". Lippincott's Guide to Infectious Diseases. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2011. p. 236. ISBN 978-1-60547-975-0. Archived from the original on 21 November 2020. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  5. ^ a b Bragg, BN; Simon, LV (January 2020). "Pediculosis". PMID 29262055. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  6. ^ a b Alice L. Anderson; Elizabeth Chaney (2009). "Pubic lice (Pthirus pubis): history, biology and treatment vs. knowledge and beliefs of US College students". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 6 (2): 592–600. doi:10.3390/ijerph6020592. PMC 2672365. PMID 19440402.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  7. ^ a b c d "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) - Lice - Pubic: Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)". www.cdc.gov. 17 September 2020. Archived from the original on 7 December 2018. Retrieved 18 November 2020.Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  8. ^ a b c Williams gynecology. Hoffman, Barbara L., Williams, J. Whitridge (John Whitridge), 1866-1931. (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. 2012. pp. 90–91. ISBN 9780071716727. OCLC 779244257. Archived from the original on 11 June 2016. Retrieved 9 November 2020.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  9. ^ "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) - Lice - Pubic: Disease". www.cdc.gov. 12 September 2019. Archived from the original on 28 November 2020. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  10. ^ "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) - Lice - Pubic: Diagnosis". www.cdc.gov. 12 September 2019. Archived from the original on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  11. ^ "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) - Lice - Pubic: Treatment". www.cdc.gov. 12 September 2019. Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  12. ^ Gross, Gerd; Tyring, Stephen K. (2011). Sexually Transmitted Infections and Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 4. ISBN 978-3-642-14663-3. Archived from the original on 29 August 2021. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  13. ^ Middleberg, Maurice I. (2006). Promoting Reproductive Security in Developing Countries. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-306-47935-9. Archived from the original on 29 August 2021. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
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