User:Mr. Ibrahem/Mitral valve stenosis
| Mitral stenosis | |
|---|---|
| Video explanation of mitral valve diseases | |
| Specialty | Cardiology |
| Symptoms | Shortness of breath, palpitations, chest pain, coughing up blood, swelling[1] |
| Complications | Pulmonary hypertension, atrial fibrillation, heart failure[1] |
| Usual onset | Gradual[1] |
| Causes | Rheumatic heart disease, calcification of the mitral valve leaflets, congenital heart disease, carcinoid syndrome, lupus, Fabry disease[1] |
| Diagnostic method | Suspected based on a diastolic murmur, confirmed by ultrasound of the heart[1] |
| Differential diagnosis | Left atrial myxoma[1] |
| Prevention | Treatment of strep throat[1] |
| Treatment | Medications, percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty, mitral valve replacement[1] |
| Prognosis | Good[1] |
| Frequency | Relatively common[1] |
Mitral stenosis is a type of valvular heart disease in which there is narrowing of the mitral valve opening.[1] Onset is generally gradual.[1] The most common symptom is shortness of breath, particularly at night or when lying down.[1] Other symptoms may include palpitations, tiredness, chest pain, coughing up blood, and swelling.[1] Complications may include pulmonary hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and heart failure.[1]
The most common cause is rheumatic heart disease (RHD).[1] Other causes include calcification of the mitral valve leaflets, congenital heart disease, carcinoid syndrome, lupus, and Fabry disease.[1] Normally, the mitral valve opening is about 5 cm2.[1] A decrease in area below 2 cm2 hinders blood flow through the valve.[1] Diagnosis may be suspected based on a diastolic murmur and confirmed by ultrasound of the heart.[1]
Prevention involves treating those with strep throat with antibiotics.[1] Treatment of mitral valve stenosis may involve medications, percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty, or mitral valve replacement.[1] Medications used may include furosemide, beta-blockers, or calcium channel blockers.[1] With the availability of surgery outcomes are good.[1]
Mitral stenosis is relatively common.[1] Cases due to RHD are more common in women than men and generally starts in peoples 30s to 40s.[1] Descriptions of the condition during autopsy date from at least 1668 by John Mayow.[2] The condition was first described in the living in 1806 by Jean-Nicolas Corvisart.[2]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Shah, SN; Sharma, S (January 2020). "Mitral Stenosis". PMID 28613493.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b Goldstein, Steven A.; Kronzon, Itzhak; Khandheria, Bijoy K.; Mor-Avi, Victor (2015). ASE’s Comprehensive Echocardiography E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 453. ISBN 978-0-323-32734-3.