User : Jts1882/phylogeny/Fish

	Lepisosteiformes — gars

	Amiiformes — bowfins

Elopomorpha (eels, etc)

	Osteoglossomorpha

	Clupeocephala

(ray‑finned fishes)

	Lepisosteiformes — gars

	Amiiformes — bowfins

Elopomorpha

Elopiformes — tenpounders (ladyfishes), tarpons

Albuliformes — bonefishes

	Notacanthiformes — halosaurs and deep-sea spiny eels

	Anguilliformes — eels

Osteoglossocephala

Osteoglossomorpha

	Hiodontiformes — mooneyes

	Osteoglossiformes — bonytongues, butterflyfishes, elephantfishes, abas

	Otocephala

	Euteleostei

Otocephala

Clupeiformes — herrings (including anchovies, sardines, etc)

Alepocephaliformes — slickheads, tubeshoulders

Gonorynchiformes — milkfishes, beaked sandfishes, knerias and snake mudheads

Cypriniformes — carps, loaches, minnows, and relatives

Order Characiformes — characins (including tetras and piranhas)

	Siluriformes — catfishes

	Gymnotiformes — Neotropical knifefishes

Euteleostei

(=Euteleosteomorpha)

Class Osteichthyes — bony fishes and tetrapods [= Euteleostomi of Nelson (2006)]
- Subclass Sarcopterygii — lobe-finned fishes and tetrapods
  - Infraclass Actinistia — coelacanths (Coelacanthida)
    - Order Coelacanthiformes — coelacanths
  - Infraclass Dipnomorpha —
    - Superorder Dipnoi —
      - Order Ceratodontiformes — living lungfishes & fossil relatives
  - Infraclass Tetrapoda — tetrapods
- Subclass Actinopterygii — ray-finned fishes
  - Infraclass Cladistia —
    - Order Polypteriformes — bichirs
  - Infraclass Chondrostei —
    - Order Acipenseriformes — paddlefishes and sturgeons
  - Clade Neopterygii
    - Infraclass Holostei — gars, bowfins, and relatives
      - Division Ginglymodi —
        Order Lepisosteiformes — gars
      - Division Halecomorphi —
        Order Amiiformes — bowfins
    - Infraclass Teleosteomorpha —
      - Division Teleostei —
        Supercohort Teleocephala — crown-group Teleostei
        Cohort Elopomorpha —
        Order Elopiformes — tenpounders (ladyfishes), tarpons
        
        Order Albuliformes — bonefishes
        
        Order Notacanthiformes — halosaurs and deep-sea spiny eels
        
        Order Anguilliformes — eels
        
        Clade Osteoglossocephala —
        Cohort Osteoglossomorpha —
        Order Hiodontiformes — mooneyes
        
        Order Osteoglossiformes — bonytongues, butterflyfishes, elephantfishes, abas
        
        Clade Clupeocephala —
        Cohort Otocephala —
        Superorder Clupeomorpha —
        Order Clupeiformes — herrings (including anchovies, sardines, etc)
        
        Superorder Alepocephali —
        Order Alepocephaliformes — slickheads, tubeshoulders
        
        Superorder Ostariophysi —
        Series Anotophysi —
        Order Gonorynchiformes — milkfishes, beaked sandfishes, knerias and snake mudheads
        
        Series Otophysi —
        Subseries Cypriniphysi —
        Order Cypriniformes — carps, loaches, minnows, and relatives
        
        Subseries Characiphysi —
        Order Characiformes — characins (including tetras and piranhas)
        
        Subseries Siluriphysi —
        Order Siluriformes — catfishes
        
        Order Gymnotiformes — Neotropical knifefishes
        
        Cohort Euteleostei —
        Order Lepidogalaxiiformes — salamanderfishes
        
        Superorder Protacanthopterygii —
        Order Salmoniformes — trout, salmon, and whitefish
        
        Order Esociformes — pikes, mudminnows
        
        Clade Zoroteleostei —
        Superorder Osmeromorpha —
        Order Argentiniformes — marine smelts
        
        Order Galaxiiformes — galaxids
        
        Order Osmeriformes — freshwater smelts
        
        Order Stomiiformes — dragonfishes
        
        Clade Neoteleostei — [as sister of Zoroteleostei; Deepfin system has diff
        Superorder Ateleopodomorpha —
        Order Ateleopodiformes — jellynose fishes
        
        Clade Eurypterygii — sister to Ateleopodomorpha; contains Cyclosquamata and Ctenosquamata
        Superorder Cyclosquamata —
        Order Aulopiformes — lizardfishes
        
        Clade Ctenosquamata — ######################
        Superorder Scopelomorpha —
        Order Myctophiformes — lanternfishes, blackchins
        
        Clade Acanthomorpha — ################
        Superorder Lamprimorpha —
        Order Lampriformes — opahs (velifers, opahs, crestfishes, tapertails, ribbonfishes, oarfishes)
        
        Clade Euacanthomorpha —
        Superorder Paracanthopterygii —
        Order Polymixiiformes — beardfishes
        
        †Order Sphenocephaliformes —
        
        Order Percopsiformes — trout-perches, pirate perches, cavefishes
        
        Order Zeiformes — dories
        
        Order Stylephoriformes — tube-eyes or thread-tails
        
        Order Gadiformes — cods and hakes
        
        Superorder Acanthopterygii —
        Series Berycida —
        Order Holocentriformes — Squirrelfishes
        
        Order Trachichthyiformes — Roughies
        
        Order Beryciformes — beryciforms (gibberfishes, pricklefishes, hispidoberycids; redmouth whalefishes, red (redvelvet) whalefishes, flabby whalefishes, bigscale fishes, alfonsinos)
        
        Series Percomorpha — perches and allies (perch and darters, sea bass and groupers, mackerel and tuna, billfish, icefish, etc.)

The classification of FotW5 and Deepfin4 share the same topology above the Euteleostei, which is shown in three cladograms above. The differences come in the euteleosts, especially the percomorphs:

Deepfin has an expanded Protacanthopterygii, with addition of Argentiniformes and Galaxiiformes, and a corresponding smaller Zoroteleostei, which they call Stomiati.
The arrangement within Acanthomorpha is altered, with Lampriformes and Polymixiiformes placed as sister divisions of a reduced Paracanthopterygii and Acanthopterygii, respectively, and Holocentriformes placed as sister of Percomorpha
The arrangement within Percomorpha is substantially different. (see below).

For a details comparison of the Fishes of World and Deepfin systems see Comparison of systems below.

Class Osteichthyes (to ordinal taxa)[edit]

Class Osteichthyes — bony fishes and tetrapods [= Euteleostomi of Nelson (2006)]
- Stem-group osteichthyans include: [[]] —
  - †Lophosteus
  - †Andreolepis
  - †Order Dialipiniformes —
- Subclass Sarcopterygii — lobe-finned fishes and tetrapods
  - Stem-group sarcopterygians
  - Infraclass Actinistia — coelacanths (Coelacanthida)
    - Order Coelacanthiformes — coelacanths
  - Infraclass Onychodontida —
    - †Order Onychodontiformes —
  - Infraclass Dipnomorpha —
    - †Superorder Porolepimorpha —
      - †Order Porolepiformes —
    - Superorder Dipnoi —
      - Early stem-group dipnoans include: [[]] —
        †Order Diabolepidiformes —
        
        †Order Dipnorhynchiformes —
        
        †Order Dipteriformes —
        
        †Order Ctenodontiformes —
        
        Order Ceratodontiformes — living lungfishes & fossil relatives
  - †Infraclass Rhizodontida —
    - †Order Rhizodontiformes —
  - †Infraclass Osteolepidida —
    - †Order Osteolepidiformes —
  - †Infraclass Elpistostegalia —
    - †Order Elpistostegaliformes —
  - Infraclass Tetrapoda — tetrapods
- Subclass Actinopterygii — ray-finned fishes
  - Early stem-group actinopterygians include: [[]] —
    - †Order Cheirolepidiformes —
    - †Order Palaeonisciformes —
    - †Order Dorypteriformes —
    - †Order Platysomiformes —
    - †Order Tarrasiiformes —
    - †Order Guildayichthyiformes —
    - †Order Phanerorhynchiformes —
    - †Order Saurichthyiformes —
    - †Order Redfieldiiformes —
    - †Order Ptycholepidiformes —
    - †Order Pholidopleuriformes —
    - †Order Perleidiformes —
    - †Order Luganoiformes —
    - †Order Perleidiformes —
  - Infraclass Cladistia —
    - Order Polypteriformes — bichirs
  - Infraclass Chondrostei —
    - †Order Chondrosteiformes —
    - Order Acipenseriformes — paddlefishes and sturgeons
      - †Suborder Peipiaosteoidei —
      - Suborder Acipenseroidei —
  - NEOPTERYGII [[]] —
    - †Order Pycnodontiformes —
    - Infraclass Holostei — gars, bowfins, and relatives
      - Division Ginglymodi —
        †Order Dapediiformes —
        
        Order Lepisosteiformes — gars
        
        †Order Semionotiformes —
        
        †Order Macrosemiiformes —
      - Division Halecomorphi —
        †Order Parasemionotiformes —
        
        †Order Ionoscopiformes —
        
        Order Amiiformes — bowfins
        †Suborder Caturoidei —
        
        †Suborder Amioidei — bowfins [comment: contains extant family Amiidae so extinct symbol in error]
    - Infraclass Teleosteomorpha —
      - Oldest and most primitive teleosteomorph: †Prohalecites
      - †Division Aspidorhynchei —
        †Order Aspidorhynchiformes —
        
        †Order Pachycormiformes —
      - Division Teleostei —
        †Order Pholidophoriformes —
        
        †Order Dorsetichthyiformes —
        
        †Order Leptolepidiformes —
        
        †Order Crossognathiformes —
        
        †Order Ichthyodectiformes —
        
        †Order Tselfatiiformes —
        
        †Order Araripichthyiformes —
        
        Supercohort Teleocephala — crown-group Teleostei
        Cohort Elopomorpha —
        Order Elopiformes — tenpounders (ladyfishes), tarpons
        
        Order Albuliformes — bonefishes
        
        Order Notacanthiformes — halosaurs and deep-sea spiny eels
        
        Order Anguilliformes — eels
        Suborder Protanguilloidei — primitive cave eels
        
        Suborder Synaphobranchoidei — cutthroat eels
        
        Suborder Muraenoidei — mud eels, myroconger eels, moray eels
        
        Suborder Chlopsoidei — false morays
        
        Suborder Congroidei — longneck or narrowneck and shorttail eels, snake eels and worm eels, pike congers, duckbill eels, conger eels
        
        Suborder Moringuoidei — spaghetti eels
        
        Suborder Saccopharyngoidei — bobtail snipe eels, swallowers, gulpers or pelican eels
        
        Suborder Anguilloidei — snipe eels, sawtooth eels, freshwater eels
        
        Clade Osteoglossocephala —
        Cohort Osteoglossomorpha —
        †Order Lycopteriformes —
        
        Order Hiodontiformes — mooneyes
        
        Order Osteoglossiformes — bonytongues, butterflyfishes, elephantfishes, abas
        
        Clade Clupeocephala —
        Cohort Otocephala —
        Superorder Clupeomorpha —
        †Order Ellimmichthyiformes —
        †Suborder Armigatoidei —
        
        †Suborder Ellimichthyoidei —
        
        Order Clupeiformes — herrings
        Suborder Denticipitoidei — denticle herrings
        
        Suborder Clupeoidei — longfin herrings, anchovies, wolf herrings, herrings (shads, sprats, sardines, pilchards, and menhadens)
        
        Superorder Alepocephali —
        Order Alepocephaliformes — slickheads, tubeshoulders
        
        Superorder Ostariophysi —
        Series Anotophysi —
        Order Gonorynchiformes — milkfishes, beaked sandfishes, knerias and snake mudheads
        
        Series Otophysi —
        Subseries Cypriniphysi —
        Order Cypriniformes — carps, loaches, minnows, and relatives
        
        Subseries Characiphysi —
        Order Characiformes — characins
        Suborder Citharinoidei —
        
        Suborder Characoidei —
        Superfamily Crenuchoidea — South American darters
        
        Superfamily Alestoidea — African tetras, African pikes
        
        Superfamily Erythrinoidea — trahiras; pacus, silver dollars, and piranhas; toothed headstanders, headstanders, toothless characiforms, flannel-mouth characiforms
        
        Superfamily Characoidea — pencil fishes, pike-characids, characins, freshwater hatchetfishes
        
        Subseries Siluriphysi —
        Order Siluriformes — catfishes
        Suborder Diplomystoidei — velvet catfishes
        
        Suborder Hypsidoroidei — whale catfishes
        
        Suborder Loricarioidei — pencil catfishes or parasitic catfishes, mountain catfishes, callichthyid armored catfishes, spiny dwarf catfishes, climbing catfishes, suckermouth armored catfishes
        
        Subordder Siluroidei — sheatfishes, rock catfishes, shark catfishes, squarehead, angle, or frogmouth catfishes, eeltail catfishes, ritas and nanobagrids, Asian “schilbeids”, imperial or sun catfishes,bagrid catfishes, stream catfishes, torrent catfishes, sisorid catfishes, erethistid catfishes, loach catfishes, electric catfishes, squeakers or upside-down catfishes, schilbeid or butter catfishes, Chiapas catfishes, airbreathing catfishes, airsac catfishes, Malagasy catfishes, sea catfishes, banjo catfishes, thorny catfishes, driftwood catfishes, armorhead catfishes, North American catfishes, long-whiskered catfishes, bumblebee catfishes
        
        Order Gymnotiformes — Neotropical knifefishes
        Suborder Gymnotoidei — nakedback knifefishes
        
        Suborder Sternopygoidei — sand knifefishes, bluntnose knifefishes; glass knifefishes, ghost knifefishes
        
        Cohort Euteleostei —
        Order Lepidogalaxiiformes — salamanderfishes
        
        Superorder Protacanthopterygii —
        Order Salmoniformes — trout, salmon, and whitefish
        
        Order Esociformes — pikes, mudminnows
        
        Clade Zoroteleostei —
        Superorder Osmeromorpha —
        Order Argentiniformes — marine smelts (argentines or herring smelts, barreleyes or spookfishes, pencilsmelts, deepsea smelts)
        
        Order Galaxiiformes — galaxids
        
        Order Osmeriformes — freshwater smelts
        Suborder Osmeroidei — Northern Hemisphere smelts, Ayu or sweetfish, icefishes or noodlefishes
        
        Suborder Retropinnoidei — southern graylings, southern smelts
        
        Order Stomiiformes — dragonfishes
        Suborder Gonostomatoidei — bristlemouths, marine hatchetfishes, lightfishes, barbeled dragonfishes
        
        Clade Neoteleostei — ####################### as sister of Zoroteleostei;
        Superorder Ateleopodomorpha —
        Order Ateleopodiformes — jellynose fishes
        
        Clade Eurypterygii — sister to Ateleopodomorpha; contains Cyclosquamata and Ctenosquamata
        Superorder Cyclosquamata —
        Order Aulopiformes — lizardfishes
        †Suborder Ichthyotringoidei —
        
        †Suborder Halecoidei —
        
        Suborder Aulopoidei — lizardfishes, flagfins, sandiving lizardfishes
        
        Suborder Paraulopoidei — cucumber fishes
        
        Suborder Alepisauroidei — deepsea tripod fishes, telescopefishes,largescale deep-sea lizardfish, deepsea lizardfishes; greeneyes; waryfishes; pearleyes, sabertooth fishes, sudid barracudinas, barracudinas, lancetfishes, naked barracudinas
        
        Clade Ctenosquamata — ######################
        Superorder Scopelomorpha —
        Order Myctophiformes — lanternfishes, blackchins
        
        Clade Acanthomorpha — ################
        †Order Ctenothrissiformes —
        
        Superorder Lamprimorpha —
        Order Lampriformes — opahs (velifers, opahs, crestfishes, tapertails, ribbonfishes, oarfishes)
        
        Clade Euacanthomorpha —
        Superorder Paracanthopterygii —
        Order Polymixiiformes — beardfishes
        
        †Order Sphenocephaliformes —
        
        Order Percopsiformes — trout-perches, pirate perches, cavefishes
        
        Order Zeiformes — dories
        Suborder Cyttoidei — lookdown dories
        
        Suborder Zeoidei — oreos, smooth dories, armoreye dories, tinselfishes, dories
        
        Order Stylephoriformes — tube-eyes or thread-tails
        
        Order Gadiformes — cods and hakes
        Suborder Melanonoidei — pelagic cods
        
        Suborder Macruroidei — luminous and southern hakes, rattails, grenadiers (rattails), whiptails and trachyrincines
        
        Suborder Gadoidei — eucla cod; deepsea cods, codlings, and hakelings;Southern Hakes; merlucciid hakes; tadpole cods, codlets, eel cods and moray cods, cods
        
        Superorder Acanthopterygii —
        Series Berycida —
        Order Holocentriformes — Squirrelfishes
        
        Order Trachichthyiformes — Roughies
        Suborder Anoplogastroidei — fangtooths, spinyfins
        
        Suborder Trachichthyoidei — flashlight or lanterneye fishes, pinecone fishes, roughies
        
        Order Beryciformes — beryciforms
        Suborder Stephanoberycoidei — gibberfishes, pricklefishes, hispidoberycids; redmouth whalefishes, red (redvelvet) whalefishes, flabby whalefishes
        
        Suborder Berycoidei — bigscale fishes, alfonsinos
        
        Series Percomorpha — ############ sister of Berycida in Superorder Acanthopterygii —

Class Osteichthyes (including family taxa)[edit]

Class Osteichthyes — bony fishes and tetrapods [= Euteleostomi of Nelson (2006)]
- Stem-group osteichthyans include: [[]] —
  - †Lophosteus
  - †Andreolepis
  - †Order Dialipiniformes —
- Subclass Sarcopterygii — lobe-finned fishes and tetrapods
  - Stem-group sarcopterygians include: [[]] —
    - †Psarolepis
    - †Achoania
    - †Guiyu
  - Infraclass Actinistia — coelacanths (Coelacanthida)
    - Order Coelacanthiformes — coelacanths
      - †Family Miguashaiidae —
      - †Family Diplocercidae —
      - †Family Hadronectoridae —
      - †Family Rhabdodermatidae —
      - †Family Laugiidae —
      - †Family Whiteiidae —
      - †Family Rebellatricidae —
      - †Family Coelacanthidae —
      - †Family Mawsoniidae —
      - Family Latimeriidae — gombessas or coelacanths
  - Infraclass Onychodontida —
    - †Order Onychodontiformes —
      - †Family Onychodontidae —
  - Infraclass Dipnomorpha —
    - †Superorder Porolepimorpha —
      - †Order Porolepiformes —
        †Family Porolepidae —
        
        †Family Holoptychiidae —
    - Superorder Dipnoi —
      - Early stem-group dipnoans include:
        †Youngolepis
        
        †Powichthys
        
        †Glyptolepis
      - †Order Diabolepidiformes —
        †Family Diabolepididae —
      - †Order Dipnorhynchiformes —
        †Family Uranolophidae —
        
        †Family Dipnorhynchidae —
        
        †Family Chirodipteridae —
      - †Order Dipteriformes —
        †Family Stomiahykidae —
        
        †Family Dipteridae —
        
        †Family Chirodipteridae —
        
        †Family Rhynchodipteridae —
        
        †Family Phaneropleuridae —
        
        †Family Fleurantiidae —
      - †Order Ctenodontiformes —
        †Family Uronemidae —
        
        †Family Ctenodontidae —
      - Order Ceratodontiformes — living lungfishes & fossil relatives
        †Family Arganodontidae —
        
        †Family Ceratodontidae —
        
        †Family Asiatoceratodontidae —
        
        Family Neoceratodontidae — Australian lungfishes
        
        Family Lepidosirenidae — South American lungfishes
        
        Family Protopteridae — African lungfishes
  - †Infraclass Rhizodontida —
    - †Order Rhizodontiformes —
      - †Family Rhizodontidae —
  - †Infraclass Osteolepidida —
    - †Order Osteolepidiformes —
      - †Family Canowindridae —
      - †Family Megalichthyidae —
      - †Family Osteolepididae —
      - †Family Tristichopteridae —
      - †Family Rhizodopsidae —
  - †Infraclass Elpistostegalia —
    - †Order Elpistostegaliformes —
      - †Family Elpistostegalidae —
  - Infraclass Tetrapoda — tetrapods
- Subclass Actinopterygii — ray-finned fishes
  - Early stem-group actinopterygians include: [[]] —
    - †Family Haplolepidae —
    - †Coccolepis —
    - †Order Cheirolepidiformes —
    - †Order Palaeonisciformes —
      - †Family Aeduellidae —
      - †Family Acrolepidae —
      - †Family Amblypteridae —
      - †Family Birgeriidae —
      - †Family Commentryidae —
      - †Family Elonichthyidae —
      - †Family Palaeoniscidae —
      - †Family Pygopteridae —
      - †Family Rhabdolepidae —
      - †Family Rhadinichthyidae —
      - †Family Aesopichthyidae —
      - †Family Stegotrachelidae —
    - †Order Dorypteriformes —
      - †Family Dorypteridae —
    - †Order Platysomiformes —
      - †Family Platysomidae —
      - †Family Bobasatraniidae —
    - †Order Tarrasiiformes —
      - †Family Tarrasiidae —
    - †Order Guildayichthyiformes —
      - †Family Guildayichthyidae —
    - †Order Phanerorhynchiformes —
      - †Family Phanerorhynchidae —
    - †Order Saurichthyiformes —
      - †Family Saurichthyidae —
    - †Order Redfieldiiformes —
      - †Family Redfieldiidae —
    - †Order Ptycholepidiformes —
      - †Family Ptycholepididae —
    - †Order Pholidopleuriformes —
      - †Family Pholidopleuridae —
    - †Order Perleidiformes —
      - †Family Cephaloxenidae —
      - †Family Cleithrolepididae —
      - †Family Colobodontidae —
      - †Family Perleididae —
      - †Family Platysiagidae —
    - †Order Luganoiformes —
      - †Family Luganoidae —
    - †Order Perleidiformes —
      - †Family Cephaloxenidae —
      - †Family Colobodontidae —
      - †Family Platysiagidae —
      - †Family Peltopleuridae —
      - †Family Cleithrolepidae —
      - †Family Perleididae —
      - †Family Thoracopteridae —
  - Infraclass Cladistia —
    - Order Polypteriformes — bichirs
      - Family Polypteridae — bichirs
  - Infraclass Chondrostei —
    - †Order Chondrosteiformes —
      - †Family Chondrosteidae —
    - Order Acipenseriformes — paddlefishes and sturgeons
      - †Suborder Peipiaosteoidei —
        †Family Peipiaosteidae —
      - Suborder Acipenseroidei —
        Family Polyodontidae — paddlefishes
        †Subfamily Protosephurinae —
        
        Subfamily Polyodontinae —
        
        Family Acipenseridae — sturgeons
        Subfamily Acipenserinae —
        
        Subfamily Scaphirhynchinae —
        
        Subfamily Pseudoscaphirhynchinae —
        
        Subfamily Husinae —
  - NEOPTERYGII [[]] —
    - †Order Pycnodontiformes —
    - Infraclass Holostei — gars, bowfins, and relatives
      - Division Ginglymodi —
        †Order Dapediiformes —
        †Family Dapediidae —
        
        Order Lepisosteiformes — gars
        †Family Obaichthyidae —
        
        Family Lepisosteidae — gars
        
        †Order Semionotiformes —
        Incertae sedis in Semionotiformes: †Sangiorgioichthys —
        
        †Family Semionotidae —
        
        †Family Callipurbeckidae —
        
        †Order Macrosemiiformes —
        †Family Macrosemiidae —
      - Division Halecomorphi —
        †Order Parasemionotiformes —
        †Family Parasemionidae
        
        †Order Ionoscopiformes —
        †Family Ionoscopidae
        
        †Family Oshuniidae
        
        †Family Ophiopsidae
        
        Order Amiiformes — bowfins
        †Suborder Caturoidei —
        †Family Caturidae —
        
        †Suborder Amioidei —
        †Family Liodesmidae —
        
        †Family Sinamiidae —
        
        Family Amiidae — bowfins
    - Infraclass Teleosteomorpha —
      - Oldest and most primitive teleosteomorph: †Prohalecites
      - †Division Aspidorhynchei —
        †Order Aspidorhynchiformes —
        †Family Aspidorhynchidae —
        
        †Order Pachycormiformes —
        †Family Pachycormidae —
      - Division Teleostei —
        †Order Pholidophoriformes —
        †Family Pholidophoridae —
        
        †Order Dorsetichthyiformes —
        †Family Dorsetichthyidae —
        
        †Order Leptolepidiformes —
        †Family Leptolepididae —
        
        †Order Crossognathiformes —
        †Family Varasichthyidae —
        
        †Family Crossognathidae —
        
        †Family Notelopidae —
        
        †Family Pachyrhizodontidae —
        
        †Order Ichthyodectiformes —
        †Family Allothrissopidae —
        
        †Family Cladocyclidae —
        
        †Family Saurodontidae —
        
        †Family Ichthyodectidae —
        
        †Order Tselfatiiformes —
        †Family Plethodidae —
        
        †Family Protobramidae —
        
        †Family Tselfatiidae —
        
        †Order Araripichthyiformes —
        †Family Araripichthyidae —
        
        Supercohort Teleocephala — crown-group Teleostei
        Cohort Elopomorpha —
        Order Elopiformes — tenpounders
        Family Elopidae — tenpounders (ladyfishes)
        
        Family Megalopidae — tarpons
        
        Order Albuliformes — bonefishes
        Family Albulidae —
        
        Order Notacanthiformes — halosaurs and deep-sea spiny eels
        Family Halosauridae — halosaurs
        
        Family Notacanthidae — deep-sea spiny eels
        
        Order Anguilliformes — eels
        Suborder Protanguilloidei —
        Family Protanguillidae — primitive cave eels
        
        Suborder Synaphobranchoidei —
        Family Synaphobranchidae — cutthroat eels
        Subfamily Simenchelyinae —
        
        Subfamily Ilyophinae —
        
        Subfamily Synaphobranchinae —
        
        Suborder Muraenoidei —
        Family Heterenchelyidae — mud eels
        
        Family Myrocongridae — myroconger eels
        
        Family Muraenidae — moray eels
        Subfamily Uropteryginae —
        
        Subfamily Muraeninae —
        
        Suborder Chlopsoidei —
        Family Chlopsidae — false morays
        
        Suborder Congroidei —
        Family Derichthyidae — longneck or narrowneck and shorttail eels
        
        Family Ophichthidae — snake eels and worm eels
        Subfamily Myrophinae —
        
        Subfamily Ophichthinae —
        
        Family Muraenesocidae — pike congers
        
        Family Nettastomatidae — duckbill eels
        
        Family Congridae — conger eels
        Subfamily Congrinae —
        
        Subfamily Heterocongrinae —
        
        Subfamily Bathymyrinae —
        
        Suborder Moringuoidei —
        Family Moringuidae — spaghetti eels
        
        Suborder Saccopharyngoidei —
        Family Cyematidae — bobtail snipe eels
        
        Family Monognathidae —
        
        Family Saccopharyngidae — swallowers
        
        Family Eurypharyngidae — gulpers or pelican eels
        
        Suborder Anguilloidei —
        Family Nemichthyidae — snipe eels
        
        Family Serrivomeridae — sawtooth eels
        
        Family Anguillidae — freshwater eels
        
        Clade Osteoglossocephala —
        Cohort Osteoglossomorpha —
        †Order Lycopteriformes —
        †Family Lycopteridae —
        
        Order Hiodontiformes — mooneyes
        Family Hiodontidae — mooneyes
        
        Order Osteoglossiformes — bonytongues
        Family Pantodontidae — butterflyfishes
        
        Family Osteoglossidae — osteoglossids or bonytongues
        Subfamily Heterotidinae —
        
        Subfamily Osteoglossinae —
        
        Family Notopteridae —
        Subfamily Notopterinae —
        
        Subfamily Xenomystinae —
        
        Family Mormyridae — elephantfishes
        
        Family Gymnarchidae — abas
        
        Clade Clupeocephala —
        Cohort Otocephala —
        Superorder Clupeomorpha —
        †Order Ellimmichthyiformes —
        †Suborder Armigatoidei —
        †Family Armigatidae —
        
        †Suborder Ellimichthyoidei —
        †Family Sorbinichthyidae —
        
        †Family Paraclupeidae —
        †Subfamily Scutatospinosinae —
        
        †Subfamily Thorectichthyinae —
        
        †Subfamily Ellimminae —
        
        †Subfamily Paraclupeinae —
        
        Order Clupeiformes — herrings
        Suborder Denticipitoidei —
        Family Denticipitidae — denticle herrings
        
        Suborder Clupeoidei —
        Family Pristigasteridae — longfin herrings
        Subfamily Pelloninae —
        
        Subfamily Pristigasterinae —
        
        Family Engraulidae — anchovies
        Subfamily Coiliinae —
        
        Subfamily Engraulinae —
        
        Family Chirocentridae — wolf herrings
        
        Family Clupeidae — herrings (shads, sprats, sardines, pilchards, and menhadens)
        Subfamily Dussumieriinae —
        
        Subfamily Ehiravinae —
        
        Subfamily Pellonulinae —
        
        Subfamily Clupeinae —
        
        Subfamily Alosinae —
        
        Subfamily Dorosomatinae —
        
        Superorder Alepocephali —
        Order Alepocephaliformes — slickheads and tubeshoulders
        Family Platytroctidae — tubeshoulders
        
        Family Bathylaconidae — bathylaconids
        
        Family Alepocephalidae — slickheads
        
        Superorder Ostariophysi —
        Series Anotophysi —
        Order Gonorynchiformes — milkfishes
        Family Chanidae — milkfishes
        †Subfamily Rubiesichthyinae —
        
        Subfamily Chaninae —
        
        Family Gonorynchidae — beaked sandfishes
        
        Family Kneriidae — knerias and snake mudheads
        Subfamily Kneriinae —
        
        Subfamily Phractolaeminae —
        
        Series Otophysi —
        Subseries Cypriniphysi —
        Order Cypriniformes — carps, loaches, minnows, and relatives
        Superfamily Cyprinoidea —
        Family Cyprinidae — minnows, carps, and loaches
        Subfamily Danioninae —
        
        Subfamily Labeoninae —
        
        Subfamily Cyprininae —
        
        Subfamily Leuciscinae —
        
        Subfamily Acheilognathinae —
        
        Subfamily Gobioninae —
        
        Subfamily Tincinae —
        
        Subfamily Opsariichthyinae —
        
        Subfamily Cultrinae —
        
        Subfamily Squaliobarbinae —
        
        Subfamily Xenocyprinae —
        
        Family Psilorhynchidae — mountain carps
        
        Superfamily Cobitoidea —
        †Family Jianghanichthyidae —
        
        Family Gyrinocheilidae — algae eaters
        
        Family Catostomidae — suckers
        Subfamily Myxocyprininae —
        
        Subfamily Cycleptinae —
        
        Subfamily Ictiobinae —
        
        Subfamily Catostominae —
        Tribe Erimyzontini —
        
        Tribe Catostomini —
        
        Tribe Thoburniini —
        
        Tribe Moxostomatini —
        
        Family Botiidae — botiid loaches
        
        Family Vaillantellidae — long-fin loaches
        
        Family Cobitidae — loaches
        
        Family Balitoridae (Homalopteridae) — hillstream or river loaches
        
        Family Gastromyzontidae — gastromyzontid or sucker loaches
        
        Family Nemacheilidae — stone loaches
        
        Family Barbuccidae — fire-eyed loaches
        
        Family Ellopostomatidae — sturgeon-mouthed loaches
        
        Family Serpenticobitidae — serpent loaches
        
        Subseries Characiphysi —
        Order Characiformes — characins
        Suborder Citharinoidei —
        Family Distichodontidae — distichodontids
        
        Family Citharinidae — citharinids
        
        Suborder Characoidei —
        Superfamily Crenuchoidea —
        Family Crenuchidae — South American darters
        Subfamily Crenuchinae —
        
        Subfamily Characidiinae —
        
        Superfamily Alestoidea —
        Family Alestidae — African tetras
        
        Family Hepsetidae — African pikes
        
        Superfamily Erythrinoidea —
        Family Erythrinidae — trahiras
        
        Family Parodontidae — parodontids
        
        Family Cynodontidae — cynodontids
        
        Family Serrasalmidae — pacus, silver dollars, and piranhas
        
        Family Hemiodontidae — hemiodontids
        Subfamily Anodontinae —
        
        Subfamily Hemiodontinae —
        Tribe Hemiodontini —
        
        Tribe Bibibranchiini —
        
        Family Anostomidae — toothed headstanders
        
        Family Chilodontidae — headstanders
        
        Family Curimatidae — toothless characiforms
        
        Family Prochilodontidae — flannel-mouth characiforms
        
        Superfamily Characoidea —
        Family Lebiasinidae — pencil fishes
        Subfamily Lebiasininae —
        
        Subfamily Pyrrhulininae —
        
        Family Ctenoluciidae — pike-characids
        
        Family Acestrorhynchidae — acestrorhynchids
        Subfamily Acestrorhynchinae —
        
        Subfamily Heterocharacinae —
        
        Subfamily Roestinae —
        
        Family Characidae — characins
        Subfamily Iguanodectinae —
        
        Subfamily Agoniatinae —
        
        Subfamily Clupeacharacinae —
        
        Subfamily Bryconinae —
        
        Subfamily Stethaprioninae —
        
        Subfamily Rhoadsiinae —
        
        Subfamily Characinae —
        
        Subfamily Tetragonopterinae —
        
        Subfamily Aphyocharacinae —
        
        Subfamily Aphyoditeinae —
        
        Subfamily Cheirodontinae —
        
        Subfamily Gymnocharacinae —
        
        Subfamily Stevardiinae —
        
        Family Gasteropelecidae — freshwater hatchetfishes
        
        Subseries Siluriphysi —
        Order Siluriformes — catfishes
        †Family Andinichthyidae —
        
        Suborder Diplomystoidei —
        †Family Bachmanniidae —
        
        Family Diplomystidae — velvet catfishes
        
        Suborder Hypsidoroidei —
        †Family Hypsidoridae —
        
        Family Cetopsidae — whale catfishes
        Subfamily Helogeneinae —
        
        Subfamily Cetopsinae —
        
        Suborder Loricarioidei —
        Family Trichomycteridae — pencil catfishes or parasitic catfishes
        Subfamily Copionodontinae —
        
        Subfamily Trichogeninae —
        
        Subfamily Trichomycterinae —
        
        Subfamily Vandelliinae —
        
        Subfamily Stegophilinae —
        
        Subfamily Tridentinae —
        
        Subfamily Glanapteryginae —
        
        Subfamily Sarcoglanidinae —
        
        Family Nematogenyidae — mountain catfishes
        
        Family Callichthyidae — callichthyid armored catfishes
        Subfamily Callichthyinae —
        
        Subfamily Corydoradinae —
        
        Family Scoloplacidae — spiny dwarf catfishes
        
        Family Astroblepidae — climbing catfishes
        
        Family Loricariidae — suckermouth armored catfishes
        Subfamily Lithogeneinae —
        
        Subfamily Neoplecostominae —
        
        Subfamily Hypoptopomatinae —
        
        Subfamily Loricariinae —
        
        Subfamily Ancistrinae —
        
        Subfamily Hypostominae —
        
        Subfamily Delturinae —
        
        Subordder Siluroidei —
        Family Siluridae — sheatfishes
        
        Family Austroglanididae — rock catfishes
        
        Family Pangasiidae — shark catfishes
        
        Family Chacidae — squarehead, angle, or frogmouth catfishes
        
        Family Plotosidae — eeltail catfishes
        
        Family Ritidae — ritas and nanobagrids
        
        Family Ailiidae — Asian “schilbeids”
        
        Family Horabagridae — imperial or sun catfishes
        
        Family Bagridae — bagrid catfishes
        
        Superfamily Sisoroidea —
        Family Akysidae — stream catfishes
        Subfamily Akysinae —
        
        Subfamily Parakysinae —
        
        Family Amblycipitidae — torrent catfishes
        
        Family Sisoridae — sisorid catfishes
        Subfamily Sisorinae —
        
        Subfamily Glyptosterninae —
        
        Family Erethistidae — erethistid catfishes
        
        Family Amphiliidae — loach catfishes
        Subfamily Amphiliinae —
        
        Subfamily Leptoglaninae —
        
        Subfamily Doumeinae —
        
        Family Malapteruridae — electric catfishes
        
        Family Mochokidae — squeakers or upside-down catfishes
        
        Family Schilbeidae — schilbeid or butter catfishes
        
        Family Auchenoglanididae — auchenoglanidids
        
        Family Claroteidae — claroteids
        
        Family Lacantuniidae — Chiapas catfishes
        
        Superfamily Clarioidea —
        Family Clariidae — airbreathing catfishes
        
        Family Heteropneustidae — airsac catfishes
        
        Superfamily Arioidea —
        Family Anchariidae — Malagasy catfishes
        
        Family Ariidae — sea catfishes
        
        Superfamily Doradoidea —
        Family Aspredinidae — banjo catfishes
        Subfamily Bunocephalinae —
        
        Subfamily Aspredininae —
        
        Subfamily Hoplomyzontinae —
        
        Family Doradidae — thorny catfishes
        
        Family Auchenipteridae — driftwood catfishes
        Subfamily Auchenipterinae —
        
        Subfamily Centromochlinae —
        
        Superfamily Ictaluroidea —
        Family Cranoglanididae — armorhead catfishes
        
        Family Ictaluridae — North American catfishes
        
        Superfamily Pimelodoidea —
        Family Heptapteridae — heptapterids
        
        Family Pimelodidae — long-whiskered catfishes
        
        Family Pseudopimelodidae — bumblebee catfishes
        
        Order Gymnotiformes — Neotropical knifefishes
        Suborder Gymnotoidei —
        Family Gymnotidae — nakedback knifefishes
        
        Suborder Sternopygoidei —
        Superfamily Rhamphichthyoidea —
        Family Rhamphichthyidae — sand knifefishes
        
        Family Hypopomidae — bluntnose knifefishes
        
        Superfamily Apteronotoidea —
        Family Sternopygidae — glass knifefishes
        
        Family Apteronotidae — ghost knifefishes
        
        Cohort Euteleostei —
        Order Lepidogalaxiiformes — salamanderfishes
        Family Lepidogalaxiidae — salamanderfishes
        
        Superorder Protacanthopterygii —
        Order Salmoniformes — trout, salmon, and whitefish
        Family Salmonidae — trout, salmon, and whitefish
        Subfamily Coregoninae —
        
        Subfamily Thymallinae —
        
        Subfamily Salmoninae —
        
        Order Esociformes — pikes
        †Family Palaeoesocidae —
        
        Family Esocidae — pikes
        
        Family Umbridae — mudminnows
        
        Clade Zoroteleostei —
        Superorder Osmeromorpha —
        Order Argentiniformes — marine smelts
        Family Argentinidae — argentines or herring smelts
        
        Family Opisthoproctidae — barreleyes or spookfishes
        
        Family Microstomatidae — pencilsmelts
        
        Family Bathylagidae — deepsea smelts
        
        Order Galaxiiformes — galaxiiforms
        Family Galaxiidae — galaxiids
        Subfamily Galaxiinae —
        
        Subfamily Lovettiinae —
        
        Subfamily Aplochitoninae —
        
        Order Osmeriformes — freshwater smelts
        Suborder Osmeroidei —
        Family Osmeridae — Northern Hemisphere smelts
        
        Family Plecoglossidae — Ayu or sweetfish
        
        Family Salangidae — icefishes or noodlefishes
        
        Suborder Retropinnoidei —
        Family Prototroctidae — southern graylings
        
        Family Retropinnidae — southern smelts
        
        Order Stomiiformes — dragonfishes
        Suborder Gonostomatoidei —
        Family Gonostomatidae — bristlemouths
        
        Family Sternoptychidae — marine hatchetfishes
        Subfamily Maurolicinae —
        
        Subfamily Sternoptychinae —
        
        Family Phosichthyidae — lightfishes
        
        Family Stomiidae — barbeled dragonfishes
        Subfamily Stomiinae —
        Tribe Stomiini —
        
        Tribe Chauliodontini —
        
        Subfamily Melanostomiinae —
        
        Subfamily Idiacanthinae —
        
        Subfamily Malacosteinae —
        
        Clade Neoteleostei — [indent wrong; should be sister to Osmeromorpha in Zoroteleostei]
        Superorder Ateleopodomorpha —
        Order Ateleopodiformes — jellynose fishes
        Family Ateleopodidae — jellynose fishes
        
        Clade Eurypterygii — sister to Ateleopodomorpha; contains Cyclosquamata and Ctenosquamata
        Superorder Cyclosquamata —
        Order Aulopiformes — lizardfishes
        †Suborder Ichthyotringoidei —
        †Family Ichthyotringidae —
        
        †Family Dercetidae —
        
        †Family Prionolepididae —
        
        †Suborder Halecoidei —
        †Family Halecidae —
        
        Suborder Aulopoidei —
        Family Synodontidae — lizardfishes
        Subfamily Synodontinae —
        
        Subfamily Harpadontinae —
        
        Family Aulopidae — flagfins
        
        Family Pseudotrichonotidae — sandiving lizardfishes
        
        Suborder Paraulopoidei —
        
        Family Paraulopidae — cucumber fishes
        
        Suborder Alepisauroidei —
        Superfamily Ipnopoidea —
        Family Ipnopidae — deepsea tripod fishes
        Subfamily Ipnopinae —
        
        Subfamily Bathysauropsinae —
        
        Family Giganturidae — telescopefishes
        
        Family Bathysauroididae — largescale deep-sea lizardfish
        
        Family Bathysauridae — deepsea lizardfishes
        
        Superfamily Chlorophthalmoidea —
        Family Chlorophthalmidae — greeneyes
        
        Superfamily Notosudoidea —
        Family Notosudidae — waryfishes
        
        Superfamily Alepisauroidea —
        Family Scopelarchidae — pearleyes
        
        Family Evermannellidae — sabertooth fishes
        
        Family Sudidae — sudid barracudinas
        
        Family Paralepididae — barracudinas
        
        †Family Enchodontidae —
        †Subfamily Cimolichthyinae —
        
        †Subfamily Enchodontinae —
        
        Family Alepisauridae — lancetfishes
        
        Family Lestidiidae — naked barracudinas
        
        Clade Ctenosquamata [contains Scopelomorpha and Acanthomorpha]
        Superorder Scopelomorpha —
        Order Myctophiformes — lanternfishes
        Family Neoscopelidae — blackchins
        
        Family Myctophidae — lanternfishes
        Subfamily Myctophinae —
        
        Subfamily Lampanyctinae —
        
        Clade Acanthomorpha —
        
        †Order Ctenothrissiformes —
        Superorder Lamprimorpha —
        Order Lampriformes — opahs
        Family Veliferidae — velifers
        
        Family Lampridae — opahs
        
        Family Lophotidae — crestfishes
        
        Family Radiicephalidae — tapertails
        
        Family Trachipteridae — ribbonfishes
        
        Family Regalecidae — oarfishes
        
        Clade Euacanthomorpha —
        Superorder Paracanthopterygii —
        Order Polymixiiformes — beardfishes
        Family Polymixiidae — beardfishes
        
        †Order Sphenocephaliformes —
        †Family Sphenocephalidae —
        
        Order Percopsiformes — trout-perches
        Family Percopsidae — trout-perches
        
        †Family Mcconichthyidae —
        
        Family Aphredoderidae — pirate perches
        
        Family Amblyopsidae — cavefishes
        
        Order Zeiformes — dories
        †Family Cretazeidae —
        
        Suborder Cyttoidei —
        Family Cyttidae — lookdown dories
        
        Suborder Zeoidei —
        Family Oreosomatidae — oreos
        
        Family Parazenidae — smooth dories
        Subfamily Parazeninae —
        
        Subfamily Cyttopsinae —
        
        Family Zeniontidae — armoreye dories
        
        Family Grammicolepididae — tinselfishes
        Subfamily Macrurocyttinae —
        
        Subfamily Grammicolepidinae —
        
        Family Zeidae — dories
        
        Order Stylephoriformes — tube-eyes or thread-tails
        Family Stylephoridae — tube-eyes or thread-tails
        
        Order Gadiformes — cods and hakes
        Suborder Melanonoidei —
        Family Melanonidae — pelagic cods
        
        Suborder Macruroidei —
        Family Steindachneriidae — luminous and southern hakes
        
        Family Bathygadidae — rattails
        
        Family Macrouridae — grenadiers (rattails)
        
        Family Trachyrincidae — whiptails and trachyrincines
        Subfamily Macruroidinae —
        
        Subfamily Trachyrincinae —
        
        Suborder Gadoidei —
        Family Euclichthyidae — eucla cod
        
        Family Moridae — deepsea cods, codlings, and hakelings
        
        Family Macruronidae — Southern Hakes
        
        Family Merlucciidae — merlucciid hakes
        
        Superfamily Gadoidea —
        Family Ranicipitidae — tadpole cods
        
        Family Bregmacerotidae — codlets
        
        Family Muraenolepididae — eel cods and moray cods
        
        Family Gadidae — cods
        Subfamily Phycinae —
        
        Subfamily Gaidropsarinae —
        
        Subfamily Lotinae —
        
        Subfamily Gadinae —
        
        Superorder Acanthopterygii —
        Series Berycida —
        Order Holocentriformes — Squirrelfishes
        Family Holocentridae — squirrelfishes
        Subfamily Holocentrinae —
        
        Subfamily Myripristinae —
        
        Order Trachichthyiformes — Roughies
        Suborder Anoplogastroidei —
        Family Anoplogastridae — fangtooths
        
        Family Diretmidae — spinyfins
        
        Suborder Trachichthyoidei —
        Family Anomalopidae — flashlight or lanterneye fishes
        
        †Family Pseudomonocentridae —
        
        Family Monocentridae — pinecone fishes
        Family Trachichthyidae — roughies
        
        Order Beryciformes — beryciforms
        Suborder Stephanoberycoidei —
        Superfamily Stephanoberycoidea —
        Family Gibberichthyidae — gibberfishes
        
        Family Stephanoberycidae — pricklefishes
        
        Family Hispidoberycidae — hispidoberycids
        
        Superfamily Cetomimoidea —
        Family Rondeletiidae — redmouth whalefishes
        
        Family Barbourisiidae — red (redvelvet) whalefishes
        
        Family Cetomimidae — flabby whalefishes
        
        Suborder Berycoidei —
        Family Melamphaidae — bigscale fishes
        
        Family Berycidae — alfonsinos
        
        Series Percomorpha — ############ sister of Berycida in Superorder Acanthopterygii —

Percomorpha[edit]

Percomorpha subseries

	Ovalentaria

	Proposed sister clade to Ovalentaria [~= Deepfin's Anabantaria + Carangaria]

Proposed clade containing all other percomorphs [~= Deepfin's Eupercaria + Pelagiaria +Syngnatharia]

Percomorpha

	Pelagiaria

	Syngnatharia

	Anabantaria

	Carangaria

Percomoprha subdivisions in FoW5 (top) and Deepfin (bottom)

Percomorpha (extant to ordinal taxa)[edit]

Series Percomorpha —
- Subseries Ophidiida —
  - Order Ophidiiformes — cusk-eels
    - Suborder Ophidioidei — pearlfishes, cusk-eels
    - Suborder Bythitoidei — viviparous brotulas, aphyonids, blind cusk-eel, false brotulas
- Subseries Batrachoidida —
  - Order Batrachoidiformes (Haplodoci) — toadfishes
- Subseries Gobiida —
  - Order Kurtiformes — nurseryfishes and cardinalfishes
  - Order Gobiiformes — gobies, sleepers, etc
- clade containing all other percomorphs
  - clade containing subseries Ovalentaria and an unnamed sister clade
    - Subseries Ovalentaria (=Blenniiformes sensu Near)
      - families unassigned to an order (includes Asiatic glassfishes, surfperches, basslets, roundheads, South American leaffishes, damselfishes, dottybacks, jawfishes)
      - Order Mugiliformes — mullets
      - Order Cichliformes — cichlids, convict blenny
      - Order Blenniiformes — Blennies, stargazers, etc
      - Order Gobiesociformes — clingfishes
      - Infraseries Atherinomorpha —
        Order Atheriniformes — silversides
        Suborder Atherinopsoidei —New World silversides, surf silversides
        
        Suborder Atherinoidei — surf sardines, rainbowfishes and blue eyes, pricklenose silversides, Mercer’s tusked silverside, priapiumfishes, Old World silversides
        
        Order Beloniformes — needlefishes
        Suborder Adrianichthyoidei — adrianichthyids
        
        Suborder Exocoetoidei — flyingfishes, halfbeaks, viviparous halfbeaks, needlefishes, sauries
        
        Order Cyprinodontiformes — killifishes
        Suborder Aplocheiloidei — rivulines
        
        Suborder Cyprinodontoidei — Middle American killifishes, goodeids, topminnows, Valencia toothcarps, pupfishes, four-eyed fishes, livebearers
    - Proposed sister clade to subseries Ovalentaria — includes orders in Deepfin's Carangaria (Istiophoriformes, Carangiformes and Pleuronectiformes; =Carangiformes sensu Near) and Anabantaria (Synbranchiformes and Anabantiformes; =Synbranchiformes sensu Near)
      - Order Synbranchiformes — swamp eels
        Suborder Synbranchoidei — swamp eels
        
        Suborder Mastacembeloidei — earthworm eels, freshwater spiny eels
      - Order Carangiformes — jacks (roosterfishes, dolphinfishes, cobias, remoras (sharksuckers), jacks and pompanos, moonfishes)
      - Order Istiophoriformes — barracudas, swordfishes and billfishes
      - Order Anabantiformes — labyrinth fishes
        Suborder Anabantoidei — gouramies (climbing gouramies, kissing gouramies, gouramies and fighting fishes
        
        Suborder Channoidei — snakeheads, Asian leaffishes, chameleonfishes, (Malayan) leaffishes
      - Order Pleuronectiformes — flatfishes
        Suborder Psettodoidei — spiny turbots
        
        Suborder Pleuronectoidei — flounders, turbots and soles (largescale flounders, turbots, sand flounders, righteye flounders, lefteye flounders, measles or peppered flounders, bigeye flounders, rhombosoleids, southern flounders, crested flounders, American soles, soles, tonguefishes)
  - Proposed clade sister to all percomorphs except Ophidiida, Batrachoidida, and Gobiida [i.e. sister to clade containing Ovalentaria and its sister clade]
    - Order Syngnathiformes — pipefishes and seahorses
      - Suborder Syngnathoidei — seamoths, ghost pipefishes, pipefishes and seahorses
      - Suborder Aulostomoidei — trumpetfishes; cornetfishes; snipefishes, shrimpfishes, flying gurnards
    - Order Icosteiformes — ragfishes
    - Order Callionymiformes — dragonets, slope dragonets
    - Order Scombrolabraciformes — longfin escolars
    - Order Scombriformes — mackerels
      - Suborder Scombroidei — snake mackerels; cutlassfishes; mackerels and tunas
      - Suborder Stromateoidei — amarsipas, medusafishes, driftfishes, ariommatids, squaretails, butterfishes
    - Proposed clade of all 10 remaining percomorph orders (=Eupercaria of Deepfin and other phylogenetic classifications)
      - Order Trachiniformes — swallowers, gapers, sandperches, New Zealand torrentfishes, sanddivers, sandburrowers, duckbills, southern sandfishes, sand lances, weeverfishes, stargazers
      - Proposed clade of all 9 remaining percomorph orders [[]] —
        Order Labriformes — wrasses, cales, parrotfishes
        
        Suggested clade of perciform relatives [8 remaining orders]
        Order Perciformes — perches
        Suborder Percoidei —
        Superfamily Percoidea — perches, basses and relatives (snooks, lates, mojarras, false scorpionfishes, southern basses, oceanic basslets, lanternbellies, deepwater cardinalfishes, wreckfishes, Asian seaperches, goatfishes, pearl perches, sweepers, knifejaws, flagtails, beachsalmon, bathyclupeids, threadfins, archerfishes, Australasian salmon (kahawai), galjoen fishes, sea chubs, grunters or tigerperches, temperate perches, Chinese perches, oldwives, armorheads, cavebasses, banjofishes, sunfishes, sea basses, perches, false trevallies, long-finned pikes, gnomefishes, bluefishes, pomfrets, manefishes)
        
        Possible relatives of Acanthuriformes [[]] — moonfishes (fingerfishes),bigeyes (catalufas)
        
        Seven families proposed relationship to Acanthuroidei, Monodactylidae, and Priacanthidae [eight according to indent] — ponyfishes, slimys, or slipmouths; butterflyfishes; angelfishes; tilefishes; grunts; barbeled grunters; snappers; fusiliers
        
        Superfamily Cirrhitoidea — hawkfishes, kelpfishes, marblefishes, morwongs, trumpeters
        
        Superfamily Cepoloidea — bandfishes
        
        Superfamily Siganoidea — scats, rabbitfishes
        
        Suborder Notothenioidei — temperate icefishes, catadromous icefishes, Patagonian blennies, cod icefishes, spiny plunderfishes, barbeled plunderfishes, Antarctic dragonfishes, crocodile icefishes
        
        Order Scorpaeniformes — mail-cheeked fishes
        Suborder Scorpaenoidei — scorpionfishes (rockfishes), velvetfishes, cofishes, Australian prowfishes, red velvetfishes, racehorses (pigfishes or horsefishes)
        
        Suborder Platycephaloidei — searobins (gurnards), armored searobins, deepwater flatheads, flatheads, ghost flatheads
        
        Suborder Normanichthyoidei — barehead scorpionfishes or mote sculpins
        
        Suborder Zoarcoidei — ronquils, eelpouts, pricklebacks, wrymouths, gunnels, wolffishes, quillfishes, prowfishes, graveldivers
        
        Suborder Gasterosteoidei — sand eel, tubesnouts, sticklebacks, armored sticklebacks
        
        Suborder Cottoidei — sablefishes, combfishes, greenlings, sandfishes, longfin sculpin, grunt sculpins, Cabezon, poachers and searavens, sculpins, fathead sculpins, Antarctic sculpins, lumpfishes (lumpsuckers), snailfishes
        
        Proposed clade of the remaining 6 orders of Percomorpha (~= Acanthuriformes sensu Near)
        Order Moroniformes — temperate basses, sicklefishes, spadefishes
        
        Order Acanthuriformes — surgeonfishes and relatives
        Suborder Sciaenoidei — rovers, drums (croakers)
        
        Suborder Acanthuroidei — louvar, Moorish Idols, surgeonfishes
        
        Order Spariformes — breams and porgies (splendid perches or groppos; sillagos (whitings, smelt-whitings); tripletails; threadfin breams, emperors or emperor breams, porgies
        
        Proposed clade of the last three orders [[]] —
        Order Caproiformes — boarfishes
        
        Order Lophiiformes — anglerfishes
        Suborder Lophioidei — goosefishes
        
        Suborder Antennarioidei — frogfishes, tetrabrachiid frogfishes, lophichthyid frogfishes, handfishes (warty anglers)
        
        Suborder Chaunacoidei — coffinfishes or sea toads
        
        Suborder Ogcocephaloidei — batfishes
        
        Suborder Ceratioidei — fanfins, spiny seadevils, black seadevils, footballfishes, double anglers, dreamers, wolftrap anglers, prickly seadevils, warty seadevils, whipnose anglers, leftvents
        
        Order Tetraodontiformes — plectognaths
        †Suborder Plectocretacicoidei —
        
        Suborder Triodontoidei — threetooth puffers
        
        Suborder Triacanthoidei — spikefishes, triplespines
        
        Suborder Ostracioidea — deepwater boxfishes, boxfishes (cowfishes and trunkfishes)
        
        Suborder Balistoidei — triggerfishes, filefishes
        
        Suborder Tetraodontoidei — molas, puffers, porcupinefishes (burrfishes)

Percomorpha (including family taxa)[edit]

Series Percomorpha —
- Subseries Ophidiida —
  - Order Ophidiiformes — cusk-eels
    - Suborder Ophidioidei —
      - Family Carapidae — pearlfishes
        Subfamily Pyramodontinae —
        
        Subfamily Carapinae —
        
        Subfamily Tetragondacninae —
      - Family Ophidiidae — cusk-eels
        Subfamily Brotulinae —
        
        Subfamily Brotulotaeniinae —
        
        Subfamily Ophidiinae —
        
        Subfamily Neobythitinae —
    - Suborder Bythitoidei —
      - Family Bythitidae — viviparous brotulas
        Subfamily Bythitinae —
        
        Subfamily Brosmophycinae —
      - Family Aphyonidae — aphyonids, blind cusk-eel
      - Family Parabrotulidae — false brotulas
- Subseries Batrachoidida —
  - Order Batrachoidiformes (Haplodoci) — toadfishes
    - Family Batrachoididae — toadfishes
      - Subfamily Porichthyinae —
      - Subfamily Thalassophryninae —
      - Subfamily Batrachoidinae —
      - Subfamily Halophryninae —
- Subseries Gobiida —
  - Order Kurtiformes — nurseryfishes and cardinalfishes
    - Family Kurtidae — nurseryfishes
      - Family Apogonidae — cardinalfishes
        Subfamily Apogoninae —
        
        Subfamily Pseudamiinae —
  - Order Gobiiformes — gobies
    - Family Rhyacichthyidae — loach gobies
    - Family Odontobutidae — freshwater sleepers
    - Family Milyeringidae — blind cave gobies
    - Family Eleotridae — spinycheek sleepers
    - Family Butidae — butid sleepers
    - Family Thalasseleotrididae — ocean sleepers
    - Family Oxudercidae — Gobionellus-like & mudskipper gobies
    - Family Gobiidae — gobies
- clade containing all other percomorphs
  - clade containing subseries Ovalentaria and an unnamed sister clade
    - Subseries Ovalentaria —
      - families unassigned to an order
        Family Ambassidae — Asiatic glassfishes
        
        Family Embiotocidae — surfperches
        
        Family Grammatidae — basslets
        
        Family Plesiopidae — roundheads
        Subfamily Plesiopinae —
        
        Subfamily Acanthoclininae —
        
        Family Polycentridae — South American leaffishes
        
        Family Pomacentridae — damselfishes
        Subfamily Amphiprioninae —
        
        Subfamily Chrominae —
        
        Subfamily Lepidozyginae —
        
        Subfamily Pomacentrinae —
        
        Family Pseudochromidae — dottybacks
        Subfamily Pseudochrominae —
        
        Subfamily Pseudoplesiopinae —
        
        Subfamily Anisochrominae —
        
        Subfamily Congrogadinae —
        
        Family Opistognathidae — jawfishes
      - Order Mugiliformes — mullets
        Family Mugilidae — mullets
      - Order Cichliformes —
        Family Cichlidae — cichlids
        
        Family Pholidichthyidae — convict blenny
      - Order Blenniiformes — Blennies
        Family Tripterygiidae — triplefin blennies
        
        Family Dactyloscopidae — sand stargazers
        
        Family Blenniidae — combtooth blennies
        Subfamily Salarinae —
        
        Subfamily Ablenniinae —
        
        Family Clinidae — kelp blennies
        Subfamily Ophiclininae —
        
        Subfamily Clininae —
        
        Subfamily Myxodinae —
        
        Family Labrisomidae — labrisomid blennies
        
        Family Chaenopsidae — tube blennies
      - Order Gobiesociformes — clingfishes
        Family Gobiesocidae — clingfishes
        Subfamily Gobiesocinae —
        
        Subfamily Cheilobranchinae —
      - Infraseries Atherinomorpha —
        Order Atheriniformes — silversides
        Suborder Atherinopsoidei —
        Family Atherinopsidae — New World silversides
        Subfamily Atherinopsinae —
        Tribe Atherinopsini —
        
        Tribe Sorgentinini —
        
        Subfamily Menidiinae —
        Tribe Menidiini —
        
        Tribe Membradini —
        
        Family Notocheiridae — surf silversides
        
        Suborder Atherinoidei —
        Family Isonidae — surf sardines
        
        Family Melanotaeniidae — rainbowfishes and blue eyes
        Subfamily Bedotiinae —
        
        Subfamily Melanotaeniinae —
        
        Subfamily Pseudomugilinae —
        
        Subfamily Telmatherininae —
        
        Family Atherionidae — pricklenose silversides
        
        Family Dentatherinidae — Mercer’s tusked silverside
        
        Family Phallostethidae — priapiumfishes
        Subfamily Phallostethinae —
        
        Subfamily Gulaphallinae —
        
        Family Atherinidae — Old World silversides
        Subfamily Atherinomorinae —
        
        Subfamily Craterocephalinae —
        
        Subfamily Bleheratherininae —
        
        Subfamily Atherininae —
        
        Order Beloniformes — needlefishes
        Suborder Adrianichthyoidei —
        Family Adrianichthyidae — adrianichthyids
        Subfamily Oryziinae —
        
        Subfamily Adrianichthyinae —
        
        Suborder Exocoetoidei —
        Superfamily Exocoetoidea —
        Family Exocoetidae — flyingfishes
        Subfamily Fodiatorinae —
        
        Subfamily Parexocoetinae —
        
        Subfamily Exocoetinae —
        
        Subfamily Cypselurinae —
        
        Family Hemiramphidae — halfbeaks
        
        Family Zenarchopteridae — viviparous halfbeaks
        
        Superfamily Scomberesocoidea —
        Family Belonidae — needlefishes
        
        Family Scomberesocidae — sauries
        
        Order Cyprinodontiformes — killifishes
        Suborder Aplocheiloidei —
        Family Aplocheilidae — Asian rivulines
        
        Family Nothobranchiidae — African rivulines
        
        Family Rivulidae — New World rivulines
        
        Suborder Cyprinodontoidei —
        Superfamily Funduloidea —
        Family Profundulidae — Middle American killifishes
        
        Family Goodeidae — goodeids
        Subfamily Empetrichthyinae —
        
        Subfamily Goodeinae —
        
        Family Fundulidae — topminnows
        
        Superfamily Valencioidea —
        Family Valenciidae — Valencia toothcarps
        
        Superfamily Cyprinodontoidea —
        Family Cyprinodontidae — pupfishes
        Subfamily Cubanichthyinae —
        
        Subfamily Cyprinodontinae —
        Tribe Orestiini —
        
        Tribe Cyprinodontini —
        
        Superfamily Poecilioidea —
        Family Anablepidae — four-eyed fishes
        Subfamily Anablepinae —
        
        Subfamily Oxyzygonectinae —
        
        Family Poeciliidae — livebearers
        Subfamily Aplocheilichthyinae —
        
        Subfamily Procatopodinae —
        Tribe Fluviphylacini —
        
        Tribe Procatopodini —
        
        Subfamily Poeciliinae —
        Tribe Alfarini —
        
        Tribe Priapellini —
        
        Tribe Gambusiini —
        
        Tribe Heterandrini —
        
        Tribe Girardini —
        
        Tribe Poeciliini —
        
        Tribe Cnesterodontini —
        
        Tribe Scolichthyini —
        
        Tribe Xenodexini —
    - Proposed sister clade to subseries Ovalentaria [[]] —
      - Order Synbranchiformes — swamp eels
        Suborder Synbranchoidei —
        Family Synbranchidae — swamp eels
        
        Suborder Mastacembeloidei —
        Family Chaudhuriidae — earthworm eels
        
        Family Mastacembelidae — freshwater spiny eels
      - Order Carangiformes — jacks
        Family Nematistiidae — roosterfishes
        
        Family Coryphaenidae — dolphinfishes
        
        Family Rachycentridae — cobias
        
        Family Echeneidae — remoras (sharksuckers)
        
        Family Carangidae — jacks and pompanos
        Subfamily Trachinotinae —
        
        Subfamily Scomberoidinae —
        
        Subfamily Naucratinae —
        
        Subfamily Caranginae —
        
        Family Menidae — moonfishes
      - Order Istiophoriformes — barracudas and billfishes
        Family Sphyraenidae — barracudas
        
        Family Xiphiidae — swordfishes
        
        Family Istiophoridae — billfishes
      - Order Anabantiformes — labyrinth fishes
        Suborder Anabantoidei —
        Family Anabantidae — climbing gouramies
        
        Family Helostomatidae — kissing gouramies
        
        Family Osphronemidae — gouramies and fighting fishes
        Subfamily Osphroneminae —
        
        Subfamily Belontiinae —
        
        Subfamily Macropodusinae —
        
        Subfamily Luciocephalinae —
        
        Subfamily Trichogastrinae —
        
        Suborder Channoidei —
        Family Channidae — snakeheads
        
        Family Nandidae — Asian leaffishes
        
        Family Badidae — chameleonfishes
        
        Family Pristolepididae — (Malayan) leaffishes
      - Order Pleuronectiformes — flatfishes
        Suborder Psettodoidei —
        Family Psettodidae — spiny turbots
        
        Suborder Pleuronectoidei —
        Superfamily Citharoidea —
        Family Citharidae — largescale flounders
        
        Superfamily Pleuronectoidea —
        Family Scophthalmidae — turbots
        
        Family Paralichthyidae — sand flounders
        
        Family Pleuronectidae — righteye flounders
        Subfamily Hippoglossinae —
        
        Subfamily Eopsettinae —
        
        Subfamily Lyopsettinae —
        
        Subfamily Hippoglossoidinae —
        
        Subfamily Pleuronectinae —
        Tribe Psettichthyini —
        
        Tribe Isopsettini —
        
        Tribe Microstomini —
        
        Tribe Pleuronectini —
        
        Family Bothidae — lefteye flounders
        
        Superfamily Soleoidea —
        Family Paralichthodidae — measles or peppered flounders
        
        Family Poecilopsettidae — bigeye flounders
        
        Family Rhombosoleidae — rhombosoleids
        
        Family Achiropsettidae — southern flounders
        
        Family Samaridae — crested flounders
        
        Family Achiridae — American soles
        
        Family Soleidae — soles
        
        Family Cynoglossidae — tonguefishes
        Subfamily Symphurinae —
        
        Subfamily Cynoglossinae —
  - Proposed clade sister to all percomorphs except Ophidiida, Batrachoidida, and Gobiida [[]] —
    - Order Syngnathiformes — pipefishes and seahorses
      - Suborder Syngnathoidei —
        Superfamily Pegasoidea —
        Family Pegasidae — seamoths
        
        Superfamily Syngnathoidea —
        Family Solenostomidae — ghost pipefishes
        
        Family Syngnathidae — pipefishes and seahorses
        Subfamily Syngnathinae —
        
        Subfamily Hippocampinae —
      - Suborder Aulostomoidei —
        Superfamily Aulostomoidea —
        Family Aulostomidae — trumpetfishes
        
        Family Fistulariidae — cornetfishes
        
        Superfamily Centriscoidea —
        Family Macroramphosidae — snipefishes
        
        Family Centriscidae — shrimpfishes
        
        Family Dactylopteridae — flying gurnards
    - Order Icosteiformes — ragfishes
      - Family Icosteidae — ragfishes
    - Order Callionymiformes —
      - Family Callionymidae — dragonets
      - Family Draconettidae — slope dragonets
    - Order Scombrolabraciformes — longfin escolars
      - Family Scombrolabracidae — longfin escolars
    - Order Scombriformes — mackerels
      - Suborder Scombroidei —
        Family Gempylidae — snake mackerels
        
        Family Trichiuridae — cutlassfishes
        Subfamily Aphanopodinae —
        
        Subfamily Lepidopodinae —
        
        Subfamily Trichiurinae —
        
        Family Scombridae — mackerels and tunas
        Subfamily Gasterochismatinae —
        
        Subfamily Scombrinae —
        Tribe Scombrini —
        
        Tribe Scomberomorini —
        
        Tribe Sardini —
        
        Tribe Thunnini —
      - Suborder Stromateoidei —
        Family Amarsipidae — amarsipas
        
        Family Centrolophidae — medusafishes
        
        Family Nomeidae — driftfishes
        
        Family Ariommatidae — ariommatids
        
        Family Tetragonuridae — squaretails
        
        Family Stromateidae — butterfishes
    - Proposed clade of all 10 remaining percomorph orders [[]] —
      - Order Trachiniformes —
        Family Chiasmodontidae — swallowers
        
        Family Champsodontidae — gapers
        
        Family Pinguipedidae — sandperches
        
        Family Cheimarrichthyidae — New Zealand torrentfishes
        
        Family Trichonotidae — sanddivers
        
        Family Creediidae — sandburrowers
        
        Family Percophidae — duckbills
        Subfamily Percophinae —
        
        Subfamily Bembropinae —
        
        Family Leptoscopidae — southern sandfishes
        
        Family Ammodytidae — sand lances
        
        Family Trachinidae — weeverfishes
        
        Family Uranoscopidae — stargazers
      - Proposed clade of all 9 remaining percomorph orders [[]] —
        Order Labriformes — wrasses and relatives
        Family Labridae — wrasses
        
        Family Odacidae — cales
        
        Family Scaridae — parrotfishes
        
        Suggested clade of perciform relatives [8 remaining orders]
        Order Perciformes — perches
        Suborder Percoidei —
        Superfamily Percoidea —
        Family Centropomidae — snooks
        
        Family Latidae — lates
        
        Family Gerreidae — mojarras
        
        Family Centrogenyidae — false scorpionfishes
        
        Family Perciliidae — southern basses
        
        Family Howellidae — oceanic basslets
        
        Family Acropomatidae — lanternbellies
        
        Family Epigonidae — deepwater cardinalfishes
        
        Family Polyprionidae — wreckfishes
        
        Family Lateolabracidae — Asian seaperches
        
        Family Mullidae — goatfishes
        
        Family Glaucosomatidae — pearl perches
        
        Family Pempheridae — sweepers
        
        Family Symphysanodontidae^{[Note a]} — slopefishes
        
        Family Ostracoberycidae^{[Note a]} — ostracoberycids
        
        Family Oplegnathidae — knifejaws
        
        Family Kuhliidae — flagtails
        
        Family Leptobramidae — beachsalmon
        
        Family Bathyclupeidae — bathyclupeids
        
        Family Polynemidae — threadfins
        
        Family Toxotidae — archerfishes
        
        Family Arripidae — Australasian salmon (kahawai)
        
        Family Dichistiidae — galjoen fishes
        
        Family Kyphosidae — sea chubs
        Subfamily Girellinae —
        
        Subfamily Kyphosinae —
        
        Subfamily Scorpidinae —
        
        Subfamily Microcanthinae —
        
        Subfamily Parascorpidinae^{[Note a]} — Jutjaws
        
        Family Terapontidae — grunters or tigerperches
        
        Family Percichthyidae — temperate perches
        
        Family Sinipercidae — Chinese perches
        
        Family Enoplosidae — oldwives
        
        Family Pentacerotidae — armorheads
        
        Family Dinopercidae — cavebasses
        
        Family Banjosidae — banjofishes
        
        Family Centrarchidae — sunfishes
        Subfamily Elassomatinae —
        
        Subfamily Centrarchinae —
        
        Subfamily Lepominae —
        
        Family Serranidae — sea basses
        Subfamily Serraninae —
        
        Subfamily Anthiinae —
        
        Subfamily Epinephelinae —
        Tribe Niphonini —
        
        Tribe Epinephelini —
        
        Tribe Diploprionini —
        
        Tribe Liopropomini —
        
        Tribe Grammistini —
        
        Family Percidae — perches
        Subfamily Percinae —
        
        Subfamily Acerinae —
        
        Subfamily Percarininae —
        
        Subfamily Luciopercinae —
        Tribe Luciopercini —
        
        Tribe Romanichthyini —
        
        Subfamily Etheostomatinae —
        
        Family Lactariidae — false trevallies
        
        Family Dinolestidae — long-finned pikes
        
        Family Scombropidae — gnomefishes
        
        Family Pomatomidae — bluefishes
        
        Family Bramidae — pomfrets
        Subfamily Braminae —
        
        Subfamily Pteraclinae —
        
        Family Caristiidae — manefishes
        
        Possible relatives of Acanthuriformes [[]] —
        Family Monodactylidae — moonfishes (fingerfishes)
        
        Family Priacanthidae — bigeyes (catalufas)
        
        Seven families proposed relationship to Acanthuroidei, Monodactylidae, and Priacanthidae [eight according to indent] —
        Family Leiognathidae — ponyfishes, slimys, or slipmouths
        
        Family Chaetodontidae — butterflyfishes
        
        Family Pomacanthidae — angelfishes
        
        Family Malacanthidae — tilefishes
        Subfamily Malacanthinae —
        
        Subfamily Latilinae —
        
        Family Haemulidae — grunts
        
        Family Hapalogenyidae — barbeled grunters
        
        Family Lutjanidae — snappers
        Subfamily Etelinae —
        
        Subfamily Apsilinae —
        
        Subfamily Paradicichthyinae —
        
        Subfamily Lutjaninae —
        
        Family Caesionidae — fusiliers
        
        Superfamily Cirrhitoidea —
        Family Cirrhitidae — hawkfishes
        
        Family Chironemidae — kelpfishes
        
        Family Aplodactylidae — marblefishes
        
        Family Cheilodactylidae — morwongs
        
        Family Latridae — trumpeters
        
        Superfamily Cepoloidea —
        Family Cepolidae — bandfishes
        Subfamily Cepolinae —
        
        Subfamily Owstoniinae —
        
        Superfamily Siganoidea —
        Family Scatophagidae — scats
        
        Family Siganidae — rabbitfishes
        
        Suborder Notothenioidei —
        Family Bovichtidae — temperate icefishes
        
        Family Pseudaphritidae — catadromous icefishes
        
        Family Eleginopsidae — Patagonian blennies
        
        Family Nototheniidae — cod icefishes
        
        Family Harpagiferidae — spiny plunderfishes
        
        Family Artedidraconidae — barbeled plunderfishes
        
        Family Bathydraconidae — Antarctic dragonfishes
        
        Family Channichthyidae — crocodile icefishes
        
        Order Scorpaeniformes — mail-cheeked fishes
        Suborder Scorpaenoidei —
        Family Scorpaenidae — scorpionfishes (rockfishes)
        Subfamily Sebastinae —
        Tribe Sebastini —
        
        Tribe Sebastolobini —
        
        Subfamily Setarchinae —
        
        Subfamily Neosebastinae —
        
        Subfamily Scorpaeninae —
        Tribe Scorpaenini —
        
        Tribe Pteroini —
        
        Subfamily Caracanthinae —
        
        Subfamily Apistinae —
        
        Subfamily Tetraroginae —
        
        Subfamily Synanceiinae —
        Tribe Minoini —
        
        Tribe Choridodactylini —
        
        Tribe Synanceiini —
        
        Subfamily Plectrogeniinae —
        
        Family Aploactinidae — velvetfishes
        
        Family Eschmeyeridae — cofishes
        
        Family Pataecidae — Australian prowfishes
        
        Family Gnathanacanthidae — red velvetfishes
        
        Family Congiopodidae — racehorses (pigfishes or horsefishes)
        
        Suborder Platycephaloidei —
        Family Triglidae — searobins (gurnards)
        Subfamily Prionotinae —
        
        Subfamily Pterygotriglinae —
        
        Subfamily Triglinae —
        
        Family Peristediidae — armored searobins
        
        Family Bembridae — deepwater flatheads
        
        Family Platycephalidae — flatheads
        
        Family Hoplichthyidae — ghost flatheads
        
        Suborder Normanichthyoidei —
        Family Normanichthyidae — barehead scorpionfishes or mote sculpins
        
        Suborder Zoarcoidei —
        Family Bathymasteridae — ronquils
        
        Family Eulophiidae —
        
        Family Zoarcidae — eelpouts
        
        Family Stichaeidae — pricklebacks
        
        Family Cryptacanthodidae — wrymouths
        
        Family Pholidae — gunnels
        
        Family Anarhichadidae — wolffishes
        
        Family Ptilichthyidae — quillfishes
        
        Family Zaproridae — prowfishes
        
        Family Scytalinidae — graveldivers
        
        Suborder Gasterosteoidei —
        Family Hypoptychidae — sand eel
        
        Family Aulorhynchidae — tubesnouts
        
        Family Gasterosteidae — sticklebacks
        
        Family Indostomidae — armored sticklebacks
        
        Suborder Cottoidei —
        Superfamily Anoplopomatoidea —
        Family Anoplopomatidae — sablefishes
        
        Superfamily Zaniolepidoidea —
        Family Zaniolepididae — combfishes
        Subfamily Zaniolepidinae —
        
        Subfamily Oxylebiinae —
        
        Superfamily Hexagrammoidea —
        Family Hexagrammidae — greenlings
        Subfamily Ophiodontinae —
        Subfamily Hexagramminae —
        
        Subfamily Pleurogramminae —
        
        Superfamily Trichodontoidea —
        Family Trichodontidae — sandfishes
        
        Superfamily Cottoidea —
        Family Jordaniidae — longfin sculpin
        
        Family Rhamphocottidae — grunt sculpins
        
        Family Scorpaenichthyidae — Cabezon
        
        Family Agonidae — poachers and searavens
        Subfamily Hemilepidotinae —
        
        Subfamily Hemitripterinae —
        
        Subfamily Bothragoninae —
        
        Subfamily Hypsagoninae —
        
        Subfamily Anoplagoninae —
        
        Subfamily Brachyopsinae —
        
        Subfamily Agoninae —
        
        Subfamily Bathyagoninae —
        
        Family Cottidae — sculpins
        Subfamily Cottinae —
        
        Subfamily Comephorinae —
        
        Subfamily Abyssocottinae —
        
        Family Psychrolutidae — fathead sculpins
        Subfamily Cottunculinae —
        
        Subfamily Psychrolutinae —
        
        Family Bathylutichthyidae — Antarctic sculpins
        
        Superfamily Cyclopteroidea —
        Family Cyclopteridae — lumpfishes (lumpsuckers)
        
        Family Liparidae — snailfishes
        
        Proposed clade of the remaining 6 orders of Percomorpha [[]] —
        Order Moroniformes — temperate basses
        Family Moronidae — temperate basses
        
        Family Drepaneidae — sicklefishes
        
        Family Ephippidae — spadefishes
        
        Order Acanthuriformes — surgeonfishes and relatives
        Suborder Sciaenoidei —
        Family Emmelichthyidae — rovers
        
        Family Sciaenidae — drums (croakers)
        
        Suborder Acanthuroidei —
        Family Luvaridae — louvar
        
        Family Zanclidae — Moorish Idols
        
        †Family Massalongiidae —
        
        Family Acanthuridae — surgeonfishes
        Subfamily Nasinae —
        
        Subfamily Acanthurinae —
        Tribe Prionurini —
        
        Tribe Zebrasomini —
        
        Tribe Acanthurini —
        
        Order Spariformes — breams and porgies
        Family Callanthiidae — splendid perches or groppos
        
        Family Sillaginidae — sillagos (whitings, smelt-whitings)
        
        Family Lobotidae — tripletails
        
        Proposed clade of three families formerly called the “sparoid lineage” [[]] —
        Family Nemipteridae — threadfin breams
        
        Family Lethrinidae — emperors or emperor breams
        
        Family Sparidae — porgies
        
        Proposed clade of the last three orders [[]] —
        Order Caproiformes — boarfishes
        Family Caproidae — boarfishes
        Subfamily Antigoniinae —
        
        Subfamily Caproinae —
        
        Order Lophiiformes — anglerfishes
        Suborder Lophioidei —
        Family Lophiidae — goosefishes
        
        Suborder Antennarioidei —
        Family Antennariidae — frogfishes
        
        Family Tetrabrachiidae — tetrabrachiid frogfishes
        
        Family Lophichthyidae — lophichthyid frogfishes
        
        Family Brachionichthyidae — handfishes (warty anglers)
        
        Suborder Chaunacoidei —
        Family Chaunacidae — coffinfishes or sea toads
        
        Suborder Ogcocephaloidei —
        Family Ogcocephalidae — batfishes
        
        Suborder Ceratioidei —
        Family Caulophrynidae — fanfins
        
        Family Neoceratiidae — spiny seadevils
        
        Family Melanocetidae — black seadevils
        
        Family Himantolophidae — footballfishes
        
        Family Diceratiidae — double anglers
        
        Family Oneirodidae — dreamers
        
        Family Thaumatichthyidae — wolftrap anglers
        
        Family Centrophrynidae — prickly seadevils
        
        Family Ceratiidae — warty seadevils
        
        Family Gigantactinidae — whipnose anglers
        
        Family Linophrynidae — leftvents
        
        Order Tetraodontiformes — plectognaths
        †Suborder Plectocretacicoidei —
        †Family Cretatriacanthidae —
        
        †Family Plectocretacicidae —
        
        †Family Protriacanthidae —
        
        Suborder Triodontoidei —
        Family Triodontidae — threetooth puffers
        
        Suborder Triacanthoidei —
        Family Triacanthodidae — spikefishes
        Subfamily Hollardinae —
        
        Subfamily Triacanthodinae —
        
        Family Triacanthidae — triplespines
        
        Suborder Ostracioidea —
        Family Aracanidae — deepwater boxfishes
        
        Family Ostraciidae — boxfishes (cowfishes and trunkfishes)
        
        Suborder Balistoidei —
        Family Balistidae — triggerfishes
        
        Family Monacanthidae — filefishes
        
        Suborder Tetraodontoidei —
        Family Molidae — molas
        
        Family Tetraodontidae — puffers
        Subfamily Tetraodontinae —
        
        Subfamily Canthigastrinae —
        
        Family Diodontidae — porcupinefishes (burrfishes)

Notes:

^a From FotW5 addendum (four families and one subfamily added in corrected insert)^[17]

Comparison of systems[edit]

The classification of FotW5 and Deepfin4 share the same topology above the Euteleostei. The differences come in the euteleosts, especially the percomorphs:

Deepfin has an expanded Protacanthopterygii, with addition of Argentiniformes and Galaxiiformes, and a corresponding smaller Zoroteleostei, which they call Stomiati.
The arrangement within Acanthomorpha is altered, with Lampriformes and Polymixiiformes placed as sister divisions of a reduced Paracanthopterygii and Acanthopterygii, respectively, and Holocentriformes placed as sister of Percomorpha
The arrangement within Percomorpha is substantiall different. (see below).

For a details comparison of the Fishes of World and Deepfin systems see below.

Comparison of Osteichthyes divisions above Percomorpha[edit]

FotW5
(Nelson et al 2016)^[2]

Deepfin version 4
(Betancur-Rodriguez et al. 2017)^[3]

Fish Tree of Life
(Rabosky et al. 2018)^[9]^[10]

Osteichthyes

Sarcopterygii

Coelacanthiformes — coelacanths

	Ceratodontiformes — lungfishes

	Tetrapoda — tetrapods

(lobe‑finned fishes)

Actinopterygii

Cladistia

	Polypteriformes — bichirs

Chondrostei

	Acipenseriformes — paddlefishes and sturgeons

Neopterygii

	Lepisosteiformes — gars

	Amiiformes — bowfins

Elopomorpha (eels, etc)

Osteoglossomorpha

	Otocephala

	Euteleostei

(ray‑finned fishes)

The Deepfin phylogeny has the same topology as FotW5, although they use different ranks. In FotW5, Osteichthyes is a class, with Sarcopterygii and Actinopterygii as subclasses, while in Deepfin they have the ranks megaclass and superclass, respectively. FotW also uses a sequential model for some taxa, e.g. Cladista, Chondrostei, Holostei and Teleosteomorpha (including Teleostei) as infraclasses, while Deepfin is phylogenetic (Cladista, Chondrostei, Holostei/Teleostei have different ranks). Fish tree of life only treats Actinopterygi with Cladista and Actinopteri as classes, but the topology and ranks are as Deepfin.

Hughes et al (2018) also recovers this topology.

Neopteygii

	Lepisosteiformes — gars

	Amiiformes — bowfins

Elopomorpha

Elopiformes — tenpounders (ladyfishes), tarpons

Albuliformes — bonefishes

	Notacanthiformes — halosaurs and deep-sea spiny eels

	Anguilliformes — eels

Osteoglossocephala

Osteoglossomorpha

	Hiodontiformes — mooneyes

	Osteoglossiformes — bonytongues, butterflyfishes, elephantfishes, abas

	Otocephala

	Euteleostei

Deepfin phylogeny has same topology as FotW5.

The Hughes et al (2018) MCMCTree is consistent with this topology. The ML analysis has Elopomorpha and Osteoglossomorpha as sister taxa. Note that this study only sampled Elopiformes and Anguilliformes in Elopomorpha and Osteoglossiformes in Osteoglossomorpha.

Fishtree has same overall topology with different arrangement in Elopomorpha.

Elopiformes — tenpounders (ladyfishes), tarpons

Anguilliformes — eels

	Notacanthiformes — halosaurs and deep-sea spiny eels

	Albuliformes — bonefishes

Otocephala

Clupeiformes — herrings (including anchovies, sardines, etc)

Alepocephali

Alepocephaliformes — slickheads, tubeshoulders

Ostariophysi

Anotophysi

Gonorynchiformes — milkfishes, beaked sandfishes, knerias and snake mudheads

Otophysi

Cypriniformes — carps, loaches, minnows, and relatives

Characiformes — characins (including tetras and piranhas)

	Siluriformes — catfishes

	Gymnotiformes — Neotropical knifefishes

Euteleostei

(=Euteleosteomorpha)

Deepfin phylogeny has same topology as FotW5, but uses different taxon names and ranks.

Hughes et al (2018) also follows this topology

Otocephala

Alepocephali	Alepocephaliformes — slickheads, tubeshoulders

Clupei

Clupeiformes — herrings (including anchovies, sardines, etc)

Ostariophysi

Anotophysi

Gonorynchiformes — milkfishes, beaked sandfishes, knerias and snake mudheads

Otophysi

Cypriniformes — carps, loaches, minnows, and relatives

Gymnotiformes — Neotropical knifefishes

	Siluriformes — catfishes

	Characiformes — characins (including tetras and piranhas)

Euteleostei

Lepidogalaxiiformes — salamanderfishes

Protacanthopterygii

	Salmoniformes — trout, salmon, and whitefish

	Esociformes — pikes, mudminnows

Zoroteleostei

Argentiniformes — marine smelts

Galaxiiformes — galaxids

	Osmeriformes — freshwater smelts

	Stomiiformes — dragonfishes

Neoteleostei

(see below)

Euteleosteomorpha

Lepidogalaxiiformes — salamanderfishes

Protacanthopterygii

Argentiniformes — marine smelts

Galaxiiformes — galaxids

	Salmoniformes — trout, salmon, and whitefish

	Esociformes — pikes, mudminnows

Stomiati

	Osmeriformes — freshwater smelts

	Stomiiformes — dragonfishes

Neoteleostei

(see below)

(=Euteleostei)

Fishtree is similar to Deepfin, except Galaxiiformes is sister to Neoteleostei in phylogeny (although still part of Protacanthopterygii in taxonomy)

The Hughes et al (2018) MCMCTree follows the FotW5 topology. Their ML tree is the same as FishTree, with Argentiniformes basal in Protacanthopterygii and Galaxiiformes sister to Neoteleostei.

Neoteleostei

Ateleopodomorpha

Ateleopodiformes — jellynose fishes

Eurypterygii

Cyclosquamata

Aulopiformes — lizardfishes

Ctenosquamata

Scopelomorpha	Myctophiformes — lanternfishes, blackchins

Acanthomorpha	(spiny-rayed fishes, see below)

Deepfin and Fishtree phylogenies have same topology as FotW5 (different clade names).

Hughes et al (2018) is consistent with this topology (with no Aulopiformes sampled).

There is more variation on Acanthomorpha with disagreement on positions of Polymixiiformes, Lampriformes, and Holocentriformes.

Lampriformes
- Basal as superorder Lamprimorpha (FotW5)
- Sister to Paracanthopterygii (Deepfin)
- Sister to Euacanthomorphacea [=Acanthopterygii] (FishTree and Hughes-2018 MCMCTree)
- Sister to Paracanthopterygii sensu FotW5 (including Polymixiiformes) (Hughes ML tree, Alfaro-2018 UCE tree)
Polymixiiformes
- Basal within Paracanthopterygii (FotW5 and Hughes MCMCTree)
- Sister to Acanthopterygii (Deepfin)
- Sister to Paracanthomorphacea (FishTree) [forms same clade as FotW5’s Paracanthopterygii]
- Sister to Percopsiformes within Paracanthopterygii (Hughes ML tree, Alfaro-2018 UCE tree)
Holocentriformes
- Sister to Beryciformes+ Trachichthyiformes in series Berycida (FotW5)
- Sister to Percomorpha (Deepfin and Hughes MCMCTree)
- Sister to Beryciformes [including Trachichthyiformes] (FishTree) [=FotW5 topology]
- Sister to Beryciformes in novel clade: (Trachichthyiformes, (Percomorphaceae, (Holocentriformes, Beryciformes))) (Hughes ML tree; Alfaro-2018 UCE tree)

[Alfaro-2018 UCE tree/Hughes-2018 ML tree]

Acanthomorphata

Lampripterygii

Lampriformes — opahs (velifers, opahs, crestfishes, tapertails, ribbonfishes, oarfishes)

(=Lamprimorpha)

Paracanthopterygii

	Polymixiiformes — beardfishes

	Percopsiformes — trout-perches, pirate perches, cavefishes

Zeiformes — dories

	Stylephoriformes — tube-eyes or thread-tails

	Gadiformes — cods and hakes

Acanthopterygii

Trachichthyiformes — roughies

	Holocentriformes — squirrelfishes

	Beryciformes — alfonsinos, whalefishes, etc

Percomorpha) perches and allies (perch and darters, sea bass and groupers, mackerel and tuna, billfish, icefish, etc.)

(=Acanthomorpha)

FotW5

Acanthomorpha

Lamprimorpha

Lampriformes — opahs (velifers, opahs, crestfishes, tapertails, ribbonfishes, oarfishes)

Euacanthomorpha

Paracanthopterygii

Polymixiiformes — beardfishes

Percopsiformes — trout-perches, pirate perches, cavefishes

Zeiformes — dories

	Stylephoriformes — tube-eyes or thread-tails

	Gadiformes — cods and hakes

Acanthopterygii

Berycida

Holocentriformes — squirrelfishes

	Trachichthyiformes — roughies

	Beryciformes — alfonsinos, whalefishes, etc

Percomorpha

perches and allies (perch and darters, sea bass and groupers, mackerel and tuna, billfish, icefish, etc.)

(spiny‑rayed fishes)

Deepfin

Acanthomorphata

Lampripterygii

Lampriformes — opahs (velifers, opahs, crestfishes, tapertails, ribbonfishes, oarfishes)

(=Lamprimorpha)

Paracanthopterygii

Percopsiformes — trout-perches, pirate perches, cavefishes

Zeiformes — dories

	Stylephoriformes — tube-eyes or thread-tails

	Gadiformes — cods and hakes

Polymixiipterygii

Polymixiiformes — beardfishes

Acanthopterygii

Berycimorphaceae

	Trachichthyiformes — roughies

	Beryciformes — alfonsinos, whalefishes, etc

Holocentrimorphaceae	Holocentriformes — squirrelfishes

Percomorphaceae	perches and allies (perch and darters, sea bass and groupers, mackerel and tuna, billfish, icefish, etc.)
(=Percomorpha)

(=Acanthomorpha)

FishTree

Acanthomorphata

Polymixiacea

Polymixiiformes — beardfishes

Paracanthomorphacea

Percopsiformes — trout-perches, pirate perches, cavefishes

Zeiformes — dories

	Stylephoriformes — tube-eyes or thread-tails

	Gadiformes — cods and hakes

Lampridacea

Lampriformes — opahs (velifers, opahs, crestfishes, tapertails, ribbonfishes, oarfishes)

Euacanthomorphacea

Holocentrimorphaceae	Holocentriformes — squirrelfishes

Berycimorphaceae	Beryciformes — alfonsinos, whalefishes, etc, plus roughies (Trachichthyiformes)

Percomorphaceae	perches and allies (perch and darters, sea bass and groupers, mackerel and tuna, billfish, icefish, etc.)
(=Percomorpha)

(=Acanthomorpha)

	Ovalentaria

	Proposed sister clade to Ovalentaria [~= Deepfin's Anabantaria + Carangaria]

Proposed clade containing all other percomorphs [~= Deepfin's Eupercaria + Pelagiaria +Syngnatharia]

Percomorpha

	Pelagiaria

	Syngnatharia

	Anabantaria

	Carangaria

	Pelagiaria

	Syngnatharia

	Anabantaria

	Carangaria

Comparison of Perciformes classifications[edit]

Percomorpha Series

	Pelagiaria

	Syngnatharia

	Anabantaria

	Carangaria

blank table for testing[edit]

Nelson 2006^[1]	Nelson et al 2016^[2]	Betancur-Rodriguez et al. 2016^[3]




		Series Percomorpha Ophidiaria Batrachoidaria Pelagiaria Syngnatharia Gobiaria Anabantaria Carangaria Ovalentaria Eupercaria

notes[edit]

Quotes from Nelson (1996) Perciformes section (p340):

The classification of this order is unsettled and will certainly be subject to changes that will better reflect the evolutionary history of the higher percomorphs.
- As noted in Nelson (1994), Johnson and Patterson (1993) presented evidence that the perciforms may be part of a monophyletic group only if we include members of the orders
  - Scorpaeniformes (including the Dactylopteridae), [order follows Perciformes in FotW5, but Dactylopteridae is part of Order SYNGNATHIFORMES]
  - Pleuronectiformes [part of proposed sister clade to subseries Ovalentaria in FotW5], and
  - Tetraodontiformes [one of last three percomorph orders in FotW5].
- There is evidence that the last three ordinal taxa are probably derivatives of perciform lineages,
- although there is also evidence that the Tetraodontiformes (and Caproidae) are pre-perciforms (Springer and Johnson, 2004).

- I have not made changes to the classification until we better understand just how these groups are related.
- It is unfortunate that a monophyletic order Perciformes cannot be recognized.
- In addition, most families in many suborders are not currently definable in terms of common shared derived characters and thus may not be monophyletic.
Perciformes contains 20 suborders [only 19 in comparison table], 160 families [families 329-488], about 1,539 genera, and about 10,033 species.
- Some 52 families have a single genus, 23 have a single species (i.e., are monotypic), and 21 have 100 or more species.
- Three suborders, the Percoidei, Labroidei, and Gobioidei, account for over three-quarters of the species.
- The eight largest families are Gobiidae, Cichlidae, Serranidae, Labridae, Blenniidae, Pomacentridae, Apogonidae, and Sciaenidae.
- Together, with 5,479 species, they constitute about 55% of the species.
- Most perciforms are marine shore fishes, while about 2,040 species normally occur only in freshwater, and at least some individuals of about 2,335 species occur in freshwater for at least part of their life history.

Classification is controversial. As traditionally defined before the introduction of cladistics, the Perciformes are almost certainly paraphyletic. Other orders that should possibly be included as suborders are the Scorpaeniformes, Tetraodontiformes, and Pleuronectiformes. Of the presently recognized suborders, several may be paraphyletic, as well. These are grouped by suborder/superfamily, generally following the text Fishes of the World.^[1]^[18]^[19]

Notes from Nelson-2016:

Suborder Percoidei: This may be the basal evolutionary group from which the other perciform groups and the remaining two orders [Pleuronectiformes, Tetraodontiformes] have been derived. Even if this were not so, it is probably not a monophyletic group, being recognized solely on primitive characters.

Suborder Trachinoidei notes: The placement of several families in this suborder is very provisional. T. W. Pietsch, in a 1989 paper on the relationships of uranoscopids, excluded Pholidichthys and the trichodontids from his cladogram of a hypothesized monophyletic group of core trachinoids. Springer and Johnson (2004) placed Pholidichthys (Pholidichthyidae) in its own suborder, and this is followed here. Mooi and Johnson (1997) suggested that the trachinoid family Champsodontidae is a scorpaeniform (which they ranked as the perciform suborder Scorpaenoidei). They demonstrated that the placement of several additional families (Cheimarrhichthyidae, Pinguipedidae, Percophidae, Creediidae, and Chiasmodontidae) in this suborder is questionable and that their relationships require further investigation. I fully agree but do not make changes pending such a comprehensive study and retain this suborder for the families given for convenience only.

Table comparing Fishes of World and Deepfin classifications of Percomorphs[edit]

Nelson 2006^[1]

Nelson et al 2016^[2]

Betancur-Rodriguez et al. 2016^[3]

Order Perciformes (20 suborders in following sequence)

Suborder Percoidei [329-407]
- Superfamily Percoidea [329-401, 73 families]
  - Carangoid lineage [360-364]—consists of the next five families, Nematistiidae, Coryphaenidae, Rachycentridae, Echeneidae, and Carangidae
  - Sparoid lineage [376-379] —consists of the next four families Nemipteridae, Lethrinidae, Sparidae, and Centracanthidae
- Superfamily Cirrhitoidea [402-406]
- Superfamily Cepoloidea [407
Suborder Elassomatoidei [408]
Suborder Labroidei [409-414]
Suborder Zoarcoidei [415-423]
Suborder Notothenioidei [424-431]
Suborder Trachinoidei [432-443]
Suborder Pholidichthyoidei [444]
Suborder Blennioidei [445-450]
Suborder Icosteoidei (Malacichthyes) [451]
Suborder Gobiesocoidei (Xenopterygii) [452]
Suborder Callionymoidei [453-454]
Suborder Gobioidei [455-463]
Suborder Kurtoidei [464]
Suborder Acanthuroidei [465-470]
Suborder Scombrolabracoidei [471]
Suborder Scombroidei [472-477]
Suborder Stromateoidei [478-483]
Suborder Anabantoidei (Labyrinthici, in part) [484-486]
Suborder Channoidei (Ophiocephaliformes) [487]
Suborder Caproidei [488]

Percomorpha Subseries

Ophidiida

Batrachoidida

Gobiida

	Ovalentaria

	Proposed sister clade to Ovalentaria [~= Deepfin's Anabantaria + Carangaria]

Proposed clade containing all other percomorphs [~= Deepfin's Eupercaria + Pelagiaria +Syngnatharia]

Percomorpha Series

	Pelagiaria

	Syngnatharia

	Anabantaria

	Carangaria