User:Jason Rees/Nina-Kina
Background[edit]
Severe Tropical Cyclone Joni
During December 1992, an active phase of the Madden–Julian oscillation combined with a low-level equatorial surge and an upper-level ridge of high pressure, to provide favourable conditions for the development of several circulations within the monsoon trough.[1][2]
Nina[edit]
 Severe Tropical Cyclone Nina on 2 January 1993 | |
| Meteorological history | |
|---|---|
| Formed | 22 December 1992 |
| Dissipated | 5 January 1993 |
| Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | |
| 10-minute sustained (BOM) | |
| Highest winds | 165 km/h (105 mph) |
| Lowest pressure | 960 hPa (mbar); 28.35 inHg |
| Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | |
| 10-minute sustained (FMS) | |
| Highest winds | 140 km/h (85 mph) |
| Lowest pressure | 960 hPa (mbar); 28.35 inHg |
| Category 1-equivalent tropical cyclone | |
| 1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC) | |
| Highest winds | 140 km/h (85 mph) |
Part of the 1992–93 Australian region and South Pacific cyclone seasons | |
Kina[edit]
 Satellite image of Cyclone Kina near its peak intensity on 30 December | |
| Meteorological history | |
|---|---|
| Formed | 23 December 1992 |
| Dissipated | 5 January 1993 |
| Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | |
| 10-minute sustained (FMS) | |
| Highest winds | 150 km/h (90 mph) |
| Lowest pressure | 955 hPa (mbar); 28.20 inHg |
| Category 4-equivalent tropical cyclone | |
| 1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC) | |
| Highest winds | 220 km/h (140 mph) |
Part of the 1992–93 South Pacific cyclone season | |
Effects[edit]
Gulf of Carpentaria[edit]
Solomon Islands[edit]
Vanuatu[edit]
Fiji[edit]
Wallis and Futuna[edit]
Tuvalu[edit]
After Severe Tropical Cyclone Joni had affected Tuvalu during the previous month, Nina and Kina indirectly impacted the island nation during the opening days of January 1993.[3][4][5] The systems contributed to the strength of the westerly winds that were already present over the islands, with winds of up to 130 km/h (80 mph) reported throughout the islands.[3][4] As these winds combined with a heavy westerly swell and high seas, where they caused flooding of up to 2 ft (0.61 m) over the islands of Nanumea, Nanumaga, Niutao, Nui and Vaitupu.[3][6] As a result, damage was reported to crops and several buildings in the island nation, including thirty houses.[4][7] The two cyclones caused a severe amount of erosion in the island nation, with the shoreline on Vaitupu, receding by about 5–6 m (16–20 ft).[5] The Vaitupu Fisheries Harbour, that had only just been built during 1992, was seriously damaged by waves attributed to the two cyclones.[8]
On the island of Nanumea, a poorly designed sea wall trapped the storm surge on the island, which caused salt water contamination of the island vegetation and killed several trees.[6] An appeal for international assistance was subsequently made by the Government of Tuvalu, as supplies of food and other essentials like petrol and kerosene on the worst affected islands were running low.[4] International assistance was subsequently provided, by the United Nations Department of Humanitarian Affairs, who provided an emergency grant of US$10,000.[9] The European Commission also provided emergency aid to Tuvalu which enabled the Red Cross, to provide foodstuffs, shelter, medical supplies and utensils to people whose homes were destroyed.[10]
Tonga[edit]
Cook Islands[edit]
Samoan Islands[edit]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Darwin Tropical Diagnostic Statement December 1992 (PDF) (Report). Vol. 11. Australian Bureau of Meteorology. February 7, 2019. ISSN 1321-4233. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 7, 2019. Retrieved May 21, 2020.
- ^ Saison des perturbations tropicales Pacifique sud-ouest, 1993-1993. MetMar (Report). 1994. p. 18. Retrieved May 22, 2020.
- ^ a b c Tropical Cyclone Nina, December 21, 1992 – January 4, 1993 (Report). Fiji Meteorological Service. May 20, 1996. Archived from the original on December 8, 2015. Retrieved December 5, 2015.
- ^ a b c d "Tuvalu Cyclone Nina January 1993 DHA-UNDRO Situation Report 1" (PDF). Relief Web. The United Nations Department of Humanitarian Affairs. January 5, 1993. Archived from the original on October 30, 2012. Retrieved December 18, 2015.
- ^ a b Chunting, Xue (April 30, 2005). "Causes of Land Loss in Tuvalu, a small island nation in the Pacific" (PDF). Journal of Ocean University of China. 4 (2): 120. Bibcode:2005JOUC....4..115X. doi:10.1007/s11802-005-0004-8. ISSN 1672-5182. S2CID 189949564. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 22, 2015. Retrieved December 20, 2015.
- ^ a b Tuvalu's Views on the Possible Security Implications of Climate Change to be included in the report of the UN Secretary General to the UN General Assembly 64th Session (PDF) (Report). The United Nations Department of Humanitarian Affairs. January 5, 1993. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 22, 2015. Retrieved December 18, 2015.
- ^ Tuvalu national report prepared for the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction mid-term review and the 1994 World Conference on Natural Disaster Reduction, Yokohama, Japan, May 23-27, 1994 (PDF). Prevention Web (Report). February 16, 1994. p. 15. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 22, 2015. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
- ^ Xue, Chunting (April 30, 2005). "Coastal erosion and management of Vaitupu Island, Tuvalu" (PDF). he Pacific Islands Applied Geoscience Commission. p. 120. ISSN 1672-5182. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 22, 2015. Retrieved December 20, 2015.
- ^ OCHA-Geneva Contributions Report: Tuvalu — Cyclone "Nina" - January 1993 (Report). April 14, 1999. Archived from the original on December 22, 2015. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
- ^ "EU-Tuvalu cooperation". The Courier. 149 (January–February 1995).