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User:Indian Chronicles/Jainism Timeline

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Jainism timeline
History
The age of Tīrthaṇkaras

2000–1500 BCE

Terracotta seals excavated at site suggest links of Jainism with Indus Valley civilization. Mention of Jain Tīrthaṇkaras in Vedas indicates pre-historic origins of Jainism.

877–777 BCE

The period of Pārśva, the 23rd Tīrthaṇkaras

599–527 BCE

The age of Māhavīra, the 24th Tīrthaṇkaras of Jainism

527 BCE

Nirvāṇa of Māhavīra, Kevala Jñāna of his chief disciple Ganadhara Gautama and origin of Divāli.
The age of Kevalins

523 BCE

As per Jain cosmology, the end of the 4th āra Duḥṣama-suṣamā and start of 5th āra Duḥṣama (sorrow and misery). The age of sorrow is said to have started three years and eight and a half months after the nirvana of Māhavīra.

527–463 BCE

The Reign of the Kevalins — Gautama, Sudharma and Jambusvami
The age of Sruta-kevali's

463–367 BCE

320–298 BCE

The reign of Chandragupta Maurya. became a Jain ascetic at the end of his reign.

2nd century BCE

Khāravela, reign of King of Kalinga (Orissa). Reinstallation of Jina image taken by Nanda Kings of Magadha as per Hathigumpha inscription
The Agamic Age

156 CE

Recitation of Ṣaṭkhaṇdāgama and Kaṣāyapahuda by Ācārya Dharasena to ĀcāryaPuṣhpadanta and Ācārya Bhūtabali in Candragumpha in Mount Girnar. (683 years after Māhavīra)

2nd Century CE

Kundakunda, founder of Mūla sangha– the main Digambara ascetic lineage.

2nd – 3rd Century CE

Compilation of Tattvārthasūtra by Umāsvāti (Umāsvāmi). This was the first major Jain work in Sanskrit.

300 CE

Two simultaneous councils for compilation of Āgamas, 827 years after Māhavīra – Mathura Council headed by Ācārya Skandila and The First Valabhi Council headed by Ācārya Nāgarjuna.

453 or 466 CE

Second Valabhi Council headed by Devarddhi Ganin, that is, 980 or 993 AV – Final redaction and compilation of Śvetāmbara Canons.
The Age of Logic
6th – 16th Century CE, also known as the age of logic, was the period of development of Jain logic, Philosophy and Yoga. Various original texts, commentaries and expositions were written. The main Ācāryas were – Akalanka, Pujyapada, Haribhadra, Hemacandra, Yaśovijaya. For a detailed chronological list of Jain philosopher-monks see Jain Philosophers. It was also a period of formation of modern Jain communities and extensive Jain contribution to Sanskrit, Tamil, Kannada, Hindi and Gujarati Literature.

981 CE

Construction of Gommaṭeśvara – Statue of Lord Bāhubalī (18 meters- 57 feet, worlds tallest monolithic free standing structure), at Sravana Belagola, Karnataka by Cāmuṇḍarāya, the General-in-chief and Prime Minister of the Gaṅga kings of Mysore.

10th Century CE

Emergence of Śvetāmbara Gacchas out of which, most prominent are – Tapā Gachha, and Kharatara Gaccha

11th–12th Century CE

Construction of Delwara temples at Mount Ābu built by the Jain ministers of the king of Gujarat, Vastupāla and Tejapāla

13th Century CE

Emergence of institution of Bhattaraka

1474 CE

Establishment of non-image worshipping Śvetāmbara sect of Sthānakvasi established by a Jain layman, Lonka Shah.

1506 CE

Establishment of Taranapantha Digambara sect

1683 CE

Establishment of Digambara sect of Terapantha by a Śvetāmbara layman, Banarasidas

1760 CE

Separation of Ācārya Bhikṣu from Sthānakvasi and establishment of Śvetāmbara Terapantha sect.

1901 CE

Establishment of Kavi Pantha based on the teachings of Srimad Rajcandra (1867 – 1901)

1934 CE

Separation of Kanjisvami from Sthānakvasi and establishment of Digambara Kanjipantha
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