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Rune
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UCS
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Trans.
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IPA
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Proto-Germanic name
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Meaning
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![f](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Runic_letter_fehu.svg/14px-Runic_letter_fehu.svg.png) |
ᚠ
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f
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/ɸ/, /f/
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*fehu
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"cattle; wealth"
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![u](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Runic_letter_uruz.svg/14px-Runic_letter_uruz.svg.png) |
ᚢ
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u
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/u(ː)/
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?*ūruz
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"aurochs", Wild ox (or *ûram "water/slag"?)
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![th,þ](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Runic_letter_thurisaz.svg/12px-Runic_letter_thurisaz.svg.png) |
ᚦ
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þ
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/θ/, /ð/
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?*þurisaz
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"Thurs" (see Jötunn) or *þunraz ("the god Thunraz")
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![a](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Runic_letter_ansuz.svg/9px-Runic_letter_ansuz.svg.png) |
ᚨ
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a
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/a(ː)/
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*ansuz
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"god"
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![r](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Runic_letter_raido.svg/12px-Runic_letter_raido.svg.png) |
ᚱ
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r
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/r/
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*raidō
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"ride, journey"
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![k](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Runic_letter_kauna.svg/13px-Runic_letter_kauna.svg.png) |
ᚲ
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k (c)
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/k/
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?*kaunan
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"ulcer"? (or *kenaz "torch"?)
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![g](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Runic_letter_gebo.svg/14px-Runic_letter_gebo.svg.png) |
ᚷ
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g
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/ɡ/
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*gebō
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"gift"
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![w](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Runic_letter_wunjo.svg/10px-Runic_letter_wunjo.svg.png) |
ᚹ
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w
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/w/
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*wunjō
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"joy"
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![h](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Runic_letter_haglaz_variant.svg/14px-Runic_letter_haglaz_variant.svg.png) |
ᚺ ᚻ
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h
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/h/
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*hagalaz
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"hail" (the precipitation)
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![n](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Runic_letter_naudiz.svg/12px-Runic_letter_naudiz.svg.png) |
ᚾ
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n
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/n/
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*naudiz
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"need"
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![i](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Runic_letter_isaz.svg/2px-Runic_letter_isaz.svg.png) |
ᛁ
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i
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/i(ː)/
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*īsaz
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"ice"
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![j](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Runic_letter_jeran.svg/14px-Runic_letter_jeran.svg.png) |
ᛃ
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j
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/j/
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*jēra-
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"year, good year, harvest"
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![ï,ei](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Runic_letter_iwaz.svg/14px-Runic_letter_iwaz.svg.png) |
ᛇ
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ï (æ)
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/æː/[1]
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*ī(h)waz
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"yew-tree"
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![p](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Runic_letter_pertho.svg/12px-Runic_letter_pertho.svg.png) |
ᛈ
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p
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/p/
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?*perþ-
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meaning unknown; possibly "pear-tree".
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![z](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Runic_letter_algiz.svg/14px-Runic_letter_algiz.svg.png) |
ᛉ
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z
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/z/
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?*algiz
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"elk" (or "protection, defence"[2])
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![s](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Runic_letter_sowilo_variant.svg/12px-Runic_letter_sowilo_variant.svg.png) |
ᛊ ᛋ
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s
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/s/
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*sōwilō
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"sun"
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![t](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Runic_letter_tiwaz.svg/14px-Runic_letter_tiwaz.svg.png) |
ᛏ
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t
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/t/
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*tīwaz
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"the god Tiwaz"
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![b](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Runic_letter_berkanan.svg/12px-Runic_letter_berkanan.svg.png) |
ᛒ
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b
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/b/
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*berkanan
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"birch"
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![e](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Runic_letter_ehwaz.svg/14px-Runic_letter_ehwaz.svg.png) |
ᛖ
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e
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/e(ː)/
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*ehwaz
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"horse"
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![m](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Runic_letter_mannaz.svg/14px-Runic_letter_mannaz.svg.png) |
ᛗ
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m
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/m/
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*mannaz
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"man"
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![l](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Runic_letter_laukaz.svg/12px-Runic_letter_laukaz.svg.png) |
ᛚ
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l
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/l/
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*laguz
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"water, lake" (or possibly *laukaz "leek")
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![ŋ](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Runic_letter_ingwaz_variant2.svg/16px-Runic_letter_ingwaz_variant2.svg.png) |
ᛜ
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ŋ
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/ŋ/
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*ingwaz
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"the god Ingwaz"
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![d](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Runic_letter_dagaz.svg/14px-Runic_letter_dagaz.svg.png) |
ᛞ
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d
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/d/
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*dagaz
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"day"
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![o](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Runic_letter_othalan.svg/14px-Runic_letter_othalan.svg.png) |
ᛟ
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o
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/o(ː)/
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*ōþila-/*ōþala-
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"heritage, estate, possession"
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- ^ also rendered /ɛː/, see Proto-Germanic phonology.
- ^ Ralph Warren, Victor Elliott, Runes: an introduction, Manchester University Press ND, 1980, 51-53.