Qadiriyya wa Naqshbandiyya

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The Haram of Baha al-Din Naqshband in Bukhara, now present-day Uzbekistan
Mahmud's grave, buried next to his descendants Mir Jan and Mahmud II
Haram in Lahore, Punjab
Haram in Srinagar, Kashmir

The Imamiyya-Ridhawiyya-Mahdawiyya-Qadiriyya-Naqshbandiyya-Ishaniyya Line of Succession (short: Qadiriyya wa Naqshbandiyya) also known as the Sayyid ul Sadatiyya (Arabic: سيد الساداتية), is a cognatic Sunni line of hereditary succession to Muhammad and vice-gerency of the 12th Imam Muhammad ibn Hasan al Mahdi in occultation.[clarification needed] It is an Orthodox-Sunni school with a central emphasis on the teachings of the Muslim Saint Sayyid Mir Jan. It is the hereditary line of supreme leadership (Ishaniyat) over the Naqshbandi Sufi Order. The line is also called the Qadiriyya wa Naqshbandiyya hereditary line of succession to Muhammad and representation of the 12th Imam, differing from the Twelver-Shia tradition in honor of their namesake ancestors the Hanbali Imam Sayyid Abdul Qadir Gilani and his cognatic descendant the Hanafi Scholar Sayyid Bahauddin Naqshband.

Mawaddat al-Qurba Bloodline[edit]

The Hazrat Ishaans say they are successors of Muhammad. [1] based on the following claims:

History[edit]

Khwaja Khawand Mahmud bin Sharifuddin Al Alavi, known by his followers as "Hazrat Ishaan" was directed by his Pir Ishaq Wali Dahbidi to spread the Islam in Mughal India. His influence mostly remained in the Kashmir valley, whereupon Baqi Billah has expanded the order in other parts of India.[8] Mahmud is a significant Saint of the order as he is a direct blood descendant in the 7th generation of Baha-ul-din Naqshband, the founder of the order[8] and his son in law Ala-ul-din Atar.[9] It is because of this that Mahmud claims direct spiritual connection to his ancestor Baha-u-din.[8] Furthermore Mahmud had a significant amount of nobles as disciples, highlighting his popular influence in the Mughal Empire.[10] His main emphasis was to highlight orthodox Sunni teachings.[10] Mahmud's son Moinuddin lies buried in their Khanqah together with his wife who was the daughter of a Mughal Emperor. It is a pilgrimage site in which congregational prayers, known as "Khoja-Digar" are held in honor of Baha-ul-Din on his death anniversary the 3rd Rabi ul Awwal of the islamic lunar calendar. This practice including the "Khatm Muazzamt" is a practice that goes back to Mahmud and his son Moinuddin[8] The Kashmiri population venerate Mahmud and his family as they are regarded them as the revivers of Islam in Kashmir.[11] Mahmud was succeeded by his son Moinuddin and their progeny until the line died out on the occasion of the martyrdom of the last Ishan Kamaluddin and his family members by the Shiite warlord Amir Khan Jawansher in the eighteenth century.[9]Moinuddin successors were:

  • Bahauddin son of Mahmud
  • Ahmad son of Mahmud
  • Nizamuddin son of Sharifudin son of Moinuddin, marrying a daughter of Aurangzeb
  • Nooruddin son of Nizamuddin
  • Kamaluddin son of Nooruddin, martyred by the Shiite warlord Amir Khan Jawansher

[9]

Notable Adherents of the family[edit]

  • Timur, as an immediate student of Bahauddin Naqshband

Prophecy of Mahmud[edit]

It is said that Mahmud and his son Moinuddin stated that under their progeny there will come a son of them, who will revive the spiritual lineage and legacy of the family after a tragic incident, that was to be the martyrdom of family members in Srinagar. It is believed that this successor is Sayyid Mir Jan.[12][13][14]

Supreme Leaders of the Naqshbandiyya Sufi Order[edit]

The followers of the Hazrat Ishaan substantiate the supreme leadership (Ishaniyat) over the Naqshbandiyya by virtue of the bloodline (Nisba) and the Leadership (Emarat) of the household (Ahlul Bayt) of Shah Naqshband himself.[9][15]

  1. Bahauddin Shah Naqshband al Askari, descending agnatically from Sultan Ali Akbar bin Hasan al Askari and grandmaternally from Abdul Qadir Gilani
  2. Alauddin Attar, marrying Bahauddins daughter Sayyida Zahra Shah Naqshband
  3. Hassan Shah Naqshband, Alauddin´s first born son
  4. Hussein Shah Naqshband, Alauddin´s second son with whose line the leadership continues
  5. Tajuddin Shah Naqshband, Hussein´s son
  6. Muhammad Shah Naqshband,Tajuddin´s son
  7. Ziauddin Shah Naqshband, Muhammad´s son and maternal descendant of Sayyids from Chisht
  8. Sharifuddin Shah Naqshband
  9. Muhammad Shamsuddin Shah Naqshband, 1st born son of Sharifuddin
  10. Khwaja Khawand Mahmud Shah Naqshband, 2nd son of Sharifudddin with whose line the leadership continues
  11. Moinuddin Hadi Shah Naqshband, Khawand Mahmud´s 3rd son with whose line the line continiues
  12. Khwaja Khawand Ahmad Shah Naqshband, Khawand Mahmud´s 4th son
  13. Bahauddin al Thani Shah Naqshband, Khawand Mahmud´s 5th son
  14. Nizamuddin Shah Naqshband, Moinuddin´s 4th son and maternal grandson of Jahangir and great grandson of Khwaja Ishaq Wali Dabidi
  15. Nooruddin Shah Naqshband, Nizamuddin´s first born and maternal grandson of Aurangzeb
  16. Kamaluddin Shah Naqshband, martyred by the Shiite warlord Amir Khan Jawansher leading to an interregnum
  17. Sayyid Mir Jan Shah Naqshband, maternal grandon of Kamaluddin reviving the Emirate
  18. Sayyid Mahmud Shah Naqshband, Sayyid Mir Jan´s younger brother
  19. Sayyida Siddiqa Begum, Sayyid Mir Jan´s younger sister
  20. Sayyid Mir Fazlullah Shah Naqshband, Sayyid Mir Jan´s younger brother with whose line the leadership continues
  21. Sayyid Mir Muhammad Jan Shah Naqshband (1900-1955), 2nd son of Sayyid Mir Fazlullah Shah Naqshband with whose line the leadership continues in Dakik Family

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b Tazkare Khwanadane Hazrat Eshan(Stammesverzeichnis der Hazrat Ishaan Kaste)(verfasst und geschriben von: Yasin Qasvari Naqshbandi Verlag: Talimat Naqshbandiyya in Lahore), p. 281
  2. ^ Günther/Lawson in Roads to Paradise: Eschatology and Concepts of the Hereafter in Islam, p. 623 f.
  3. ^ Skeikh Abu Muhammad in Kitab Makhzaanul Qadiriyya
  4. ^ Imam Abu‟l Hasan „Ali ash-Shattanawfi Nuruddin Alli Ibn Jaleel in Bahjat al Asrar
  5. ^ Shaykh Muhammad ibn Yahya al-Tadifi al-Hanbali in Qalaid Jawahir
  6. ^ David Damrel in Forgotten grace: Khwaja Khawand Mahmud Naqshbandi in Central Asia and Mughal India, p. 67
  7. ^ David Damrel in Forgotten grace: Khwaja Khawand Mahmud Naqshbandi in Central Asia and Mughal India, p. 67
  8. ^ a b c d "Google Books". books.google.com. Retrieved 2022-09-29.
  9. ^ a b c d Weismann, Itzchak (2007-06-25). The Naqshbandiyya: Orthodoxy and Activism in a Worldwide Sufi Tradition. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-35305-7.
  10. ^ a b Richards, John F. (1993). The Mughal Empire. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-56603-2.
  11. ^ Shah, Sayid Ashraf (2021-12-06). Flower Garden: Posh-i-Chaman. Ashraf Fazili.
  12. ^ Tazkare Khwanadane Hazrat Eshan(genealogy of the family of Hazrat Eshan)(by author and investigator:Muhammad Yasin Qasvari Naqshbandi company:Edara Talimat Naqshbandiyya Lahore)
  13. ^ Sufi Sheikhs of Pakistan and Afghanistan
  14. ^ Nicholson, Reynold (2000). Kashf al-Mahjub of al-Hajvari. E. J. W. Gibb Memorial.
  15. ^ Tazkare Khwanadane Hazrat Eshan(genealogy of the family of Hazrat Eshan)(by author and investigator:Muhammad Yasin Qasvari Naqshbandi company:Edara Talimat Naqshbandiyya Lahore), p. 61 in a detailed pedigree of Mahmud´s family