Portal:1970s

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P:1970s

The 1970s (pronounced "nineteen-seventies"; commonly shortened to the "Seventies" or the "'70s") was a decade that began on January 1, 1970, and ended on December 31, 1979.

In the 21st century, historians have increasingly portrayed the 1970s as a "pivot of change" in world history, focusing especially on the economic upheavals^[1] that followed the end of the postwar economic boom.^[2] On a global scale, it was characterized by frequent coups, domestic conflicts and civil wars, and various political upheavals and armed conflicts which arose from or were related to decolonization, and the global struggle between NATO, the Warsaw Pact, and the Non-Aligned Movement. Many regions had periods of high-intensity conflict, notably Southeast Asia, the Mideast, and Africa.

In the Western world, social progressive values that began in the 1960s, such as increasing political awareness and economic liberty of women, continued to grow. In the United Kingdom, the 1979 election resulted in the victory of its Conservative leader Margaret Thatcher, the first female British Prime Minister. Industrialized countries experienced an economic recession due to an oil crisis caused by oil embargoes by the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries. The crisis saw the first instance of stagflation which began a political and economic trend of the replacement of Keynesian economic theory with neoliberal economic theory, with the first neoliberal government coming to power with the 1973 Chilean coup d'état. The 1970s was also an era of great technological and scientific advances; since the appearance of the first commercial microprocessor, the Intel 4004 in 1971, the decade was characterised by a profound transformation of computing units – by then rudimentary, spacious machines – into the realm of portability and home accessibility.

On the other hand, there were also great advances in fields such as physics, which saw the consolidation of quantum field theory at the end of the decade, mainly thanks to the confirmation of the existence of quarks and the detection of the first gauge bosons in addition to the photon, the Z boson and the gluon, part of what was christened in 1975 as the Standard Model.

In Asia, the People's Republic of China's international relations changed significantly following its recognition by the United Nations, the death of Mao Zedong and the beginning of market liberalization by Mao's successors. Despite facing an oil crisis due to the OPEC embargo, the economy of Japan witnessed a large boom in this period, overtaking the economy of West Germany to become the second-largest in the world.^[3] The United States withdrew its military forces from the Vietnam War. In 1979, the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan, which led to the Soviet–Afghan War.

The 1970s saw an initial increase in violence in the Middle East as Egypt and Syria declared war on Israel, but in the late 1970s, the situation in the Middle East was fundamentally altered when Egypt signed the Egyptian–Israeli Peace Treaty. Political tensions in Iran exploded with the Iranian Revolution in 1979, which overthrew the Pahlavi dynasty and established an Islamic republic under the leadership of Ayatollah Khomeini.

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Superman (also marketed as Superman: The Movie) is a 1978 superhero film based on the DC Comics superhero Superman, played by Christopher Reeve. It is the first of four installments in the Superman film series starring Reeve as Superman. The film was directed by Richard Donner based on a screenplay by Mario Puzo, David Newman, Leslie Newman, and Robert Benton. In addition to Reeve, the film features an ensemble cast including Marlon Brando, Gene Hackman, Jeff East, Margot Kidder, Glenn Ford, Phyllis Thaxter, Jackie Cooper, Trevor Howard, Marc McClure, Terence Stamp, Valerie Perrine, Ned Beatty, Jack O'Halloran, Maria Schell, and Sarah Douglas. It depicts the origin of Superman, including his infancy as Kal-El of Krypton, son of Jor-El (Brando), and his youthful years in the rural town of Smallville. Disguised as reporter Clark Kent, he adopts a mild-mannered disposition in Metropolis and develops a romance with Lois Lane (Kidder) while battling the villainous Lex Luthor (Hackman).

Ilya Salkind had the idea of a Superman film in 1973 and, after a difficult process with DC Comics, the Salkinds bought the rights to the character the following year. Several directors, most notably Guy Hamilton, and screenwriters were associated with the project before Donner was hired to direct. Tom Mankiewicz was drafted in to rewrite the script and was given a creative consultant credit. It was decided to film both Superman and its sequel Superman II (1980) simultaneously, with principal photography beginning in March 1977 and ending in October 1978. Tensions arose between Donner and the producers, and a decision was made to stop filming the sequel, of which 75 percent had already been completed, and finish the first film. (Full article...)

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... that Cathie Dunsford was unable to find many books about lesbianism in the 1970s, but by the 1980s had herself become a writer and anthologist of lesbian literature?
... that the Indian director Manhar Raskapur's films Mulu Manek and Kadu Makrani were both remade during the 1970s?
... that Zdzisław Najmrodzki, a thief in 1970s–1980s Poland, escaped from law-enforcement authorities and prisons on 29 occasions?
... that more than 30,000 cars were being towed annually by the 1970s to accommodate snow removal efforts in Montreal?
... that Zzzzzz had the busiest residential telephone number in the United States in the 1970s?
... that John Kinch worked two jobs in the late 1970s, as a mail carrier and a professional football player?

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Official portrait, 1981

Ayatollah Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini (17 May 1900 or 24 September 1902 – 3 June 1989) was an Iranian Islamic revolutionary, politician, and religious leader who served as the first supreme leader of Iran from 1979 until his death in 1989. He was the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the leader of the Iranian Revolution, which overthrew Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and ended the Iranian monarchy.

Born in Khomeyn, in what is now Iran's Markazi province, his father was murdered in 1903 when Khomeini was two years old. He began studying the Quran and Arabic from a young age and was assisted in his religious studies by his relatives, including his mother's cousin and older brother. Khomeini was a high ranking cleric in Twelver Shi'ism, an ayatollah, a marja' ("source of emulation"), a Mujtahid or faqīh (an expert in sharia), and author of more than 40 books. His opposition to the White Revolution resulted in his state-sponsored expulsion to Bursa in 1964. Nearly a year later, he moved to Najaf, where speeches he gave outlining his religiopolitical theory of Guardianship of the Jurist were complied into Islamic Government. (Full article...)

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The following are images from various 1970s-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1The CN Tower was completed in 1976, becoming the world's tallest free-standing structure. (from 1970s)
Image 2Footballer George Best wore long hair in 1976. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 3Three Los Angeles Chicanos in 1974. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 4Line at a gas station in Maryland, June 15, 1979. (from 1970s)
Image 5Pakistan Army Genarel A. A. K. Niazi signing surrender agreement before Sh. Jagjit Singh Aurora of Indian Army after getting defeated in the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War against East Pakistan, which eventually liberated as Bangladesh later. (from 1970s)
Image 6African American couple, Michigan Avenue, Chicago, July 1975 (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 7Willie Nelson became one of the most popular country music artists during the 1970s. (from 1970s in music)
Image 8Los Angeles high school students, 1973. The tousled, blond surfer hair was popular for young men in southern California. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 9British rock band Killing Floor, 1971. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 10Voyager 1 passing by Jupiter's Great Red Spot February 25, 1979 (from 1970s)
Image 11King Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (from 1970s)
Image 12AC/DC, August 1979 (from 1970s in music)
Image 13American First Lady Pat Nixon wears a shirt with the wide collar that was popular until the final years of the decade. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 14A wrap dress Diane von Fürstenberg designed in the 1970s (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 15By the early 1970s, miniskirts had reached an all-time popularity. This young English woman is wearing a fringed suede miniskirt, 1971. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 16In the 1970s, women's hair was usually worn long with a centre parting (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 17Swedish model Efva Attling in a "midi" dress, with Lars Jacob, Kings Road, London, 1971. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 18Redd Foxx and Demond Wilson from Sanford and Son (from 1970s)
Image 19Couple prom in late 1970s men wear Powder Tuxedo women wear Sleeve dress. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 20Elton John was one of the most commercially successful solo pop acts of the 1970s (from 1970s in music)
Image 211970 Dodge Challenger Trans Am, an example of a muscle car in the earlier part of the decade. (from 1970s)
Image 22Woman in miniskirt, 1970 (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 23American casual attire, 1974. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 24Siouxsie Sioux of the English punk group Siouxsie and the Banshees. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 25Two women in 1979 wear the trendy tube tops, while the woman on the far left is wearing a rayon strapless dress (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 26Pong arcade machine (1972) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 27Queen, 1977 (from 1970s in music)
Image 281973 Volvo P1800 sportwagon. (from 1970s)
Image 29Park Chung Hee (from 1970s)
Image 30Iranian prince Reza Pahlavi wearing Peacock Revolution-inspired velvet Nehru jacket and geometric print scarf, 1973. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 31Isabel Perón becomes the first woman President of Argentina in 1974 and the first woman non-monarch head of state in the Western hemisphere. (from 1970s)
Image 32United States President Jimmy Carter and Soviet Premier Leonid Brezhnev sign the SALT II treaty, June 18, 1979, in Vienna, Austria (from 1970s)
Image 33Flared jeans and trousers were popular with both sexes as can be seen at this East German disco party in 1977. In the socialist part of Germany (until 1990), the government regarded western influences on cultural life of their population very critical, but factually tolerated them in many fields. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 34Apple II (1977) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 35Frisbee player Ken Westerfield wearing draw string bell bottoms in the 1970s (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 36Mid-70s Western-inspired outifts worn by country music group Asleep at the Wheel. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 37Loretta Lynn (from 1970s in music)
Image 38Bruce Lee fostered the popularity of martial arts cinema (from 1970s)
Image 39British rock band Led Zeppelin was one of the most popular and influential bands of the 1970s. The band's heavy, guitar-driven sound has led them to be cited as one of the progenitors of heavy metal. (from 1970s)
Image 401976 flyer advertising the racing game Fonz. (from 1970s in video games)
Image 41Rigo Tovar (from 1970s in music)
Image 42The Eagles (from 1970s in music)
Image 43Debby Boone song "You Light Up My Life" had the most weeks at number one (from 1970s in music)
Image 44Haile Selassie was overthrown from power in Ethiopia, ending one of the longest-lasting monarchies in world history. (from 1970s)
Image 45Charlie Rich (from 1970s in music)
Image 46 Fairchild Channel F (1976) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 47America's first space station Skylab in orbit February 8, 1974 (from 1970s)
Image 48Pink Floyd, 1973 (from 1970s in music)
Image 49An artist impression of an American Apollo spacecraft and Soviet Soyuz spacecraft docking, a propaganda portrait for the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project mission (from 1970s)
Image 50VT100 (1978) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 51The Swedish band ABBA was one of the most commercially successful European bands of the 1970s (from 1970s in music)
Image 52Intellivision (1979) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 53Home Pong console (museum recreation) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 54Jose Jose (from 1970s in music)
Image 55Viking 1, the first of two spacecraft sent to Mars, takes this picture of the landing site in Chryse Planitia (1978) (from 1970s)
Image 56John Denver, 1975 (from 1970s in music)
Image 57Clockwise from top left: U.S. President Richard Nixon doing the V for Victory sign after his resignation from office following the Watergate scandal in 1974; The United States was still involved in the Vietnam War in the early decade. The New York Times leaked information regarding the nation's involvement in the war. Political pressure led to America's withdrawal from the war in 1973, and the Fall of Saigon in 1975 leading to evacuations of South Vietnamese that same year; the 1973 oil crisis causes a financial crisis throughout the developed world; both the leaders of Israel and Egypt shake hands after the signing of the Camp David Accords in 1978; in 1971, the Pakistan Armed Forces commits the 1971 Bangladesh genocide to curb independence movements in East Pakistan, killing 300,000 to 3,000,000 people; this consequently leads to the Bangladesh Liberation War; the 1970 Bhola cyclone kills an estimated 500,000 people in the densely populated Ganges Delta region of East Pakistan in November 1970, and became the deadliest natural disaster in 40 years; the Iranian Revolution of 1979 ousts Mohammad Reza Pahlavi who is later replaced by an Islamic theocracy led by Ayatollah Khomeini; the popularity of the disco music genre and subculture peaks during the mid-to-late 1970s.
(from 1970s)
Image 58The early 1970s' fashions were a continuation of the hippie look from the late 1960s. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 59Singer Rod Stewart performing in 1976. He was one of the major British soft rock artists of the 1970s (from 1970s in music)
Image 60Example of glam rock costume worn by Roy Wood and Wizzard, early 1970s. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 61Singer Barry Manilow wears his hair longish in the soft, layered style favoured by men in the 1970s. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 62Pong (1972) (from 1970s)
Image 63Actress Camille Keaton in 1972. Throughout most of the decade, women preferred light, natural-looking make-up for the daytime. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 64The world map of military alliances in 1970s: Western allies (blue), Non-aligned countries (green) and Soviet allies (red) (from 1970s)
Image 65Bob Marley, 1980 (from 1970s in music)
Image 66Punk pioneer Lene Lovich in 1979, with her trademark long plaited hair. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 67Concorde landing at Farnborough in September 1974 (from 1970s)
Image 68Asteroids (1979) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 69Mao Zedong wearing gray Zhongshan suit, 1972. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 70Death Race (1976) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 71Steve McQueen with sideburns, 1972. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 72Girl in 1973 with a "flicked" hairstyle. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 73The 1970 Bhola cyclone, considered the 20th century's worst cyclone disaster, kills an estimated 500,000 people in the densely populated Ganges Delta region of East Pakistan during November 1970. (from 1970s)
Image 74Nixon displays the V-for-victory sign as he departs the White House after resigning (from 1970s)
Image 75Kansas (from 1970s in music)
Image 76Polistil VG2 Pong clone (1978), made in Italy (from 1970s in video games)
Image 77Two punks from the late 1970s (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 78British girls in 1975 in flared jeans (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 79Color TV-Game (1977) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 80El Tri Band founder Alex Lora, on stage with the band in 2006 (from 1970s in music)
Image 81Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin and Egyptian President Anwar Sadat shake hands, Camp David, 1978 (from 1970s)
Image 82English girl in the mid-1970s wearing a wide-sleeved shirt, belted at the waist. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 83Debbie Harry of Blondie in 1977. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 84A West German school girl with Schultüte in 1970, with a 'hippyish' outfit on. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 85Led Zeppelin, 1977 (from 1970s in music)
Image 861979 Iranian Revolution (from 1970s)
Image 87Pink Floyd performing The Dark Side of the Moon in 1973, the highest-selling album of the decade and one of the highest-selling of all time. (from 1970s)
Image 88Fashion models in Leipzig, GDR, 1972. One of the girls is modelling a "maxi" dress. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 89Aldo Moro (from 1970s)
Image 90Margaret Thatcher shortly before becoming the United Kingdom's first woman Prime Minister in 1979. Thatcher's political and economic agenda began the first government committed to neoliberalism. (from 1970s)
Image 91Alan Bennett in 1973, wearing a wide necktie (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 92Swedish model Ulla Jones dressed in a lurex halter top and matching flared trousers (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 93A young woman wearing a wrap dress. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 94Egyptian military vehicles crossing the Suez Canal on October 7, 1973, during the Yom Kippur War. (from 1970s)
Image 95Ramones's lead guitarist Johnny Ramone performing in Toronto, 1977 (from 1970s in music)
Image 96The British band The Bee Gees were one of the biggest musical acts of the 1970s leading the disco phenomenon (from 1970s in music)
Image 97Linda Ronstadt in 1976 (from 1970s in music)
Image 98Microvision (1979) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 99Commodore PET (1977) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 100A Women's Liberation march in Washington, D.C., 1970 (from 1970s)
Image 101Magnavox Odyssey (1972) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 102Singer Billy Preston in 1974 wearing an Afro hairstyle. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 103Nixon and Zhou toast, 1972 (from 1970s)
Image 104Anti-war protest against the Vietnam War in Washington, D.C., on April 24, 1971. (from 1970s)
Image 105Henry Mancini (from 1970s in music)
Image 106Paul Anka in 1961 (from 1970s in music)
Image 107Silk scarves were popular fashion accessories for women in the 1970s. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 108TRS-80 (1977) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 109David Bowie in the early 1970s. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 110Idi Amin (from 1970s)
Image 111The Vietnam War (1955–1975) (from 1970s)
Image 112Aerosmith had seven studio albums chart on the Billboard 200 in the 1970s. Their success in the decade, particularly of their albums Toys in the Attic (1975) and Rocks (1976), helped inspire future rock artists such as Slash and Kurt Cobain (from 1970s in music)
Image 113Susana Giménez wearing hotpants, 1977 (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 114British rock band Queen (pictured here in 1977) was considered to be one of the most influential bands of the '70s (as well as the '80s), along with American rock band Eagles and others (from 1970s)
Image 115The Bee Gees, in 1968 (from 1970s in music)
Image 116British singer Rod Stewart, 1976. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 117Hank Williams (from 1970s in music)
Image 118In 1971 hotpants and bell-bottomed trousers were popular fashion trends (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 119Salah Zulfikar and Zubaida Tharwat in The Other Man (1973) (from 1970s)
Image 120Microvision (1979) is the very first handheld game console that used interchangeable cartridges. (from 1970s)
Image 121Honda Civic sold well throughout the decade. (from 1970s)
Image 122Galaxian (1979) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 123Apollo 17 Astronaut Gene Cernan becomes the last man on the Moon, December 13, 1972 (from 1970s)
Image 124Typical mid to late 1970s Ted gear, as worn by Shakin' Stevens. (from 1970s in fashion)

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