Draft:Inter Indonesia Conference
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The Inter Indonesia Conference is a Conference which was carried out between Indonesian State and BFO (Dutch: Bijeenkomst voor Federaal Overleg. English: Federal Consultative Assembly. Indonesia: Pertemuan untuk Konsultasi Federal) or the Netherland puppet state when Indonesia became the RIS (United States of Indonesia) during Indonesian National Revolution. This Conference is held in Yogyakarta on 20-22 July 1949 in First negotiations and continued in Jakarta on 31 July - 2 August 1949 in Second negotiations. Both negotiations is led by Indonesia Vice-President Muhammad Hatta. This negotiations purpose is to meet main conditions to enter Dutch-Indonesian Round Table Conference in Hague and also to equalize vision between Indonesian State and BFO againts the Netherland in Dutch-Indonesian Round Table Conference.
Background[edit]
The Background of Inter Indonesia Conference is after Roem-Van Roijen Agreement is signed on 7 May 1949 by Mohammad Roem from the Indonesian side and J.H. van Roijen from the Netherland side at Des Indes Hotel, Jakarta. In short, Roem-Van Roijen Agreement contain about the cessation of hostilities, the release of political prisoners, the return of the territory of the Republic of Indonesia, and the implementation of the KMB. There's many conditions to join Dutch-Indonesian Round Table Conference but mainly, it need approval between Indonesian State and States under BFO such as East Indonesian State, Pasundan State, and others, that is established by Netherland as part of Netherland Devide et Empera politic to divide and weaken Indonesia.[1]
However, after the Second Dutch Military Aggression or Operation Kraai in December 1948 which succeeded in capturing the capital of the Indonesia State in Yogyakarta and captured President Soekarno and Vice-President Mohammad Hatta, many BFO state's starting to sympathized with the struggle of the Indonesia States to achieve total independence from Netherland colonization.
Main Figures[edit]
From Indonesian State side.
- Muhammad Hatta (Leader of Negotiations)
Representing as Indonesian State side.
From BFO State side.
Representing as BFO States
Result[edit]
| First Negotiations | |
|---|---|
| Drafted | 20 July 1949 |
| Signed | 22 July 1949 |
| Location | Yogyakarta |
| Effective | 22 July 1949 |
| Signatories | Soekarno and Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung |
| Parties | Indonesia, BFO |
| Ratifiers | Indonesia, BFO |
Inter Indonesia Conferece are held for 2 times in Yogyakarta and Jakarta to meet one conditions to join Dutch-Indonesian Round Table Conference and both meeting are led by Mohammad Hatta.
First Negotiation[edit]
United States of Indonesia must implement democracy in the form of a federal state. United States of Indonesia will be headed by a constitutional president and assisted by ministers. The president and ministers will be responsible to the House of Representatives. Formation of 2 Legislature Body. The United States of Indonesia Armed Forces is a national army consisting of the TNI, KNIL, Militaire Luchtvaart and Veileigheids Battalion.
Second Negotiation[edit]
| Second Negotiations | |
|---|---|
| Drafted | 31 July 1949 |
| Signed | 2 August 1949 |
| Location | Jakarta |
| Effective | 2 August 1949 |
| Signatories | Soekarno and Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung |
| Parties | Indonesia, BFO |
| Ratifiers | Indonesia, BFO |
The formation of the United States of Indonesia consisting of 16 states, namely the Republic of Indonesia, the State of East Indonesia, the State of East Sumatra, the State of South Sumatra, the State of Central Sumatra, the State of West Java, the State of Central Java, the State of East Java, the State of Madura, the State of West Borneo, the State of Centra Borneo, South Borneo, East Borneo, South Sulawesi, North Sulawesi and the Special Region of Yogyakarta. Formation of a temporary United States of Indonesia government which will be in effect until the first general election. The United States of Indonesia interim government will be headed by President Soekarno and Vice-President Mohammad Hatta. The United States of Indonesia interim cabinet will consist of 16 ministers from various United States of Indonesia states. Formation of a Dutch-Indonesian Round Table Conferences preparation committee that will represent United States of Indonesia in the Dutch-Indonesian Round Table Conferences. This committee will be led by Mohammad Hatta and will consist of 28 people from various states inside of United States of Indonesia.
Impact[edit]
This conference has a big impact on economy, military, and constitutional of Indonesia state.
Impact on Economy[edit]
Indonesia import-export activities are carried out centrally. This is part of efforts to gain international recognition of sovereignty on Indonesia and develop Indonesia. The conference has resulting with creation of one official currency or one means of payment for Indonesian state.
Impact on Military[edit]
This conference also results with formation of Armed Forces of the Republic of Indonesia and its constituent components or APRIS. The Armed Forces of the United Republic of Indonesia or APRIS are the National Armed Forces that is filled with the TNI and Indonesians in the KNIL who are accepted as members of APRIS.
Impact on Constitutional[edit]
This conference also results with "Sang Merah Putih" and "Indonesia Raya" as Indonesia national anthem. Bahasa Indonesia as official languages of Indonesia state and Red and White as Indonesia official flag.[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]
References[edit]
- ^ "Perjanjian Roem-Royen : Sejarah, Latar Belakang, Isi dan Dampaknya". SMAN 13 Semarang Progresif (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2023-12-29.
- ^ Tyas, Ambar Aruming (2020-02-10). "Konferensi Inter Indonesia: Latar Belakang - Hasil dan Dampaknya". HaloEdukasi.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2023-12-29.
- ^ "Konferensi Inter Indonesia : Pengertian, Latar Belakang & Hasil". materi.co.id (in Indonesian). 2023-12-24. Retrieved 2023-12-29.
- ^ A, Ivo Veronica (2022-02-17). "Pengertian Konferensi Inter Indonesia, Latar Belakang, Tujuan dan Hasilnya - rpp.co.id". Retrieved 2023-12-29.
- ^ Guruips.com. "Konferensi Inter-Indonesia (Isi Hasil Keputusan Konferensi Inter-Indonesia di Yogyakarta dan Jakarta)". Guru IPS. Retrieved 2023-12-29.
- ^ Media, Kompas Cyber (2020-11-10). "Konferensi Inter-Indonesia". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2023-12-29.
- ^ "Sejarah Konferensi Inter Indonesia - Adjar". adjar.grid.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2023-12-29.
- ^ "Konferensi Inter-Indonesia Tahun 1949 Wujud Konsensus Nasional antara Republik Indonesia dengan Bijeenkomst voor Federaal Overleg".
- ^ "Perundingan Inter Indonesia: Latar Belakang, Tujuan, dan Hasil – Universitas Islam An Nur Lampung" (in Indonesian). 2023-08-16. Retrieved 2023-12-29.